Japan and the Koreas

1. CHAPTER 28 Japan and the Koreas Section 1: Physical Geography Section 2: The History and Culture of Japan Section 3: Japan Today Section 4: The History and Culture of the Koreas Section 5: South and North Korea Today

2. Section 1Physical Geography Objectives: • What are the physical features of Japan and the Koreas? • What natural resources does the region have? • Which climate types are found in the region?

3. Section 1Physical Geography Physical features of Japan and the Koreas: • The Koreas are located on a peninsula. • Japan’s four home islands are Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. • Mountains dominate the region. The Japanese Alps are the longest range. • There are plains along the coasts and river valleys. • Japan lies along the Ring of Fire.

4. Section 1Physical Geography The Region’s Natural Resources • Korea’s mountainous terrain and rivers are good for producing hydroelectricity. • North Korea has iron ore, copper, zinc, lead, and coal. • TheOyashio Currentand the Japan Current create Japan’s superior fisheries.

5. Section 1Physical Geography Climate types of Japan and the Koreas: • Humid continental—Hokkaido, northern Honshu, and the northern Korean Peninsula • Humid subtropical—southern Japan and the rest of the Korean Peninsula

6. Section 2The History and Culture of Japan Objectives: • What was Japan’s early history and culture like? • How did the modernization of Japan take place?

7. Section 2The History and Culture of Japan Japan’s early history and culture: • 300 B.C.—Rice farming is introduced; irrigation becomes important for political power. • Shintoism is the first religion to develop. Buddhism and Confucianism follow from China. • A.D. 700—Feudal political system develops; samurai warriors serve the lords; shoguns are named by the emperor.

8. Section 2The History and Culture of Japan (continued)Japan’s early history and culture: • 1200s—Mongols invade and the feudal domains unite against them. • 1500s—Portuguese traders arrive followed by Spanish missionaries. • Europeans are banished and Japan remains isolated until the mid-1850s.

9. Section 2The History and Culture of Japan The modernization of Japan: • 1853—Matthew Perry’s warships sail into Tokyo Bay. • 1860s—Japan begins industrializing and modernizing. • Japan expands; annexes Korea in 1910; takes over northeast China and Asian territories through the 1930s. • Japan loses its power with its defeat in World War II. • The United States occupies Japan until 1952, helping it rebuild and become a major industrial power. A democratic constitutional monarchy is established.

10. Section 3Japan Today Objectives: • Where do most Japanese live? • What are the major Japanese cities like? • What is life in Japan like? • How has the Japanese economy developed?

11. Section 3Japan Today Japan has very little arable land on which people can live. • Most people live on the small coastal plains. • Japan has reclaimed land from the sea and the rivers with dikes. • The airport near Osaka is built on an artificial island.

12. Section 3Japan Today Major Japanese cities are busy, noisy, and very densely populated. • The Tokyo megalopolis has almost 30 million people. • Tokyo is the capital and center of government. • Land is scarce and real estate prices are among the highest in the world. • Ginza is the largest shopping district in the world.

13. Section 3Japan Today Major Japanese cities are busy, noisy, and very densely populated. (continued) • Yokohama is Japan’s major seaport. • Osaka, Kyoto, and Kobe form another major megalopolis.

14. Section 3Japan Today Life in Japan • Japan is ethnically homogenous. • The culture is traditionally male dominated. • Most people live in the suburbs and have long commutes to work. • Land is very scarce and homes are small. • Traditional arts include tea ceremonies, flower arranging, bonsai trees, and kite flying.

15. Section 3Japan Today The Japanese economy: • Japan has the world’s largest fishing industry. • Most raw materials must be imported. • Agriculture is centered on Honshu and farms practice intensive cultivation. • Foreign investments have influenced Japan’s industry and economy. • Protectionism has created Japan’s huge trade surplus.

16. Section 4The History andCulture of the Koreas Objectives: • What was Korea’s ancient history like? • What were the major events of Korea’s early modern period? • Why was Korea divided after World War II, and what were the effects of the division?

17. Section 4The History andCulture of the Koreas Korea’s ancient history: • 1500 B.C.—Nomadic hunters adopt rice farming from China. • 108 B.C.—The Chinese invade and begin to influence culture. • Korean shamanism is practiced with Chinese Buddhism and Confucianism. • Korean tribes gradually recapture the peninsula.

18. Section 4The History andCulture of the Koreas Korea’s ancient history: (continued) • A.D. 600—Kingdom of Silla unites the peninsula and Korea’s Golden Age begins. • Early 900s—The Koryo dynasty rules; artisans invent the first movable metal type. • 1446—Hangul alphabet officially adopted.

19. Section 4The History andCulture of the Koreas Important events of Korea’s early modern period: • 1600s—Under Chinese rule, isolated Korea becomes known as the Hermit Kingdom. • Chinese missionaries introduce Christianity; Christians were sometimes persecuted. • Mid-1890s—Japan defeats China in the Sino-Japanese War. • 1910—Japan annexes Korea and becomes a harsh ruler until after World War II.

20. Section 4The History andCulture of the Koreas Korea was divided after World War II. • U.S. and Soviet troops oversaw the division but could not agree on a plan to unite North and South Korea. • 1948—The Republic of Korea and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea were officially created. • 1950—North Korea invades South Korea and the Korean War is fought until 1953. • The demilitarized zone is the most heavily guarded border in the world.

21. Section 5South and North Korea Today Objectives: • What are South Korea’s government and society like? • What is South Korea’s economy like? • What is North Korea like? • How has North Korea’s government affected the country’s development?

22. Section 5South and North Korea Today South Korea’s government and society: • Seoul is the capital and the center of government, economy, and education. • Industrial waste, air pollution, and overcrowding are problems. • Ruled by dictators until the 1980s, South Korea now has a multiparty democratic government.

23. Section 5South and North Korea Today (continued)South Korea’s government and society: • The population is homogenous, and Christianity is the dominant religion. • Sons are valued so they can carry on the family name and honor ancestors. • Confucian values are followed, and shamans still offer advice.

24. Section 5South and North Korea Today South Korea’s economy: • One of the strongest in Asia by the 1990s • Families form entrepreneurial businesses and chaebol. • Nuclear power and technology are encouraged by the government. • Industries include shipbuilding, steel, automobiles, and textiles. • Agriculture is limited and farms are small.

25. Section 5South and North Korea Today North Korea • The government is controlled by the Communist Party. • The population is homogenous but not as densely populated as South Korea’s. • The capital of P’yongyang has a population of about 2.6 million and has the country’s only university. • Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, North Korea has been largely isolated from the world. • North Korea has been developing nuclear weapons since the 1990s.

26. Section 5South and North Korea Today North Korea’s government and development: • North Korea has a command economy. • The government owns all land and housing and controls job access. • The country cannot produce enough food and lost its main source of aid with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Famine in the 1990s killed thousands. • Outdated technology and poor relations with the west contribute to lagging industry and economy.