Sun, Earth and Moon Relationships

1. Sun, Earth and Moon Relationships

2. Survey Questions (True or False) • The sun physically rises over Earth and then sets on the other side. • True • False

3. 2. Our Earth rotates from East to West. • True • False

4. 3. For Earth, it takes us 24 hours to revolve. • True • False

5. 4. When it is 10 am here, it is 10 am in India. • True • False

6. 5. We are able to see all sides of the moon as it rotates. • True • False

7. 6. There is a dark side of the moon. • True • False

8. 7. The moon changes shape based on Earth’s shadow that it casts on the moon. • True • False

9. 8. The Man in the Moon is seen because of craters. • True • False

10. 9. We see a full moon when it is opposite of the sun, exposing a bright surface to us. • True • False

11. 10. We see a new moon when it is lined up almost in front of the sun, expressing a darkened surface to us. • True • False

12. Day vs. Night • What makes night, night? • What does Earth look like at night? • What does Earth look like during day? • Sunrise? Sunset? • Practice (small groups) • How does this affect Cities? States? Countries? • Time Zones • How many do we have around the world? • 24 (1 for each hour of the day- one rotation) • Each zone adopts a local time to keep everyone on a time frame and base it off of the time of day and amount of light and darkness.

13. North America Time Zones

14. Time Zones of the World

15. Bell Ringer 4/16/2010 • Time Zone trouble! • When Seth was in San Diego, CA for Spring Break, it was day-light savings time. He was to call his friend, Janelle, at 5 pm on Sunday EST. He forgot to change his clock and saw that a local store said it was 2:30 pm. • Is he too late? • Why or why not?

16. Changing Moon? • If the Earth rotates and we have day and night, what does this mean for the moon? It has a “dark” and a “light” side, so we see both sides, right? • Practice (volunteers) • WRONG! • The moon rotates (29.5 days) as fast as it revolves around Earth (29.5 days), so we only see one side of the moon. • Therefore there is a “dark” side of the moon.

17. Changing Moon? • If we only see one side of the moon, how can we have a moon that is dark (new moon)and a moon that is bright (full moon)? • Location, location, location! • It’s all about the location of the moon to the sun. • Practice ( 2 volunteers)

18. Changing Moon? • How do we get the different shapes of the moon? • Shadows from Earth? • Nope • Location and light! • Again, the sun is the key player here • Depending on moons location and angle to the sun, this determines how much light we see reflected from the surface of the moon. • Practice (volunteers)

19. Changing Moon? • As we look at this picture, does the moon change? • Physically, yes, because it can be impacted with asteroids to form craters (Man in the Moon) • Shape, no – always a sphere (until major impact) • Changes due to amount of light its surface reflects from the sun

20. Phases of the Moon • New Moon • Waxing Crescent • First Quarter • Waxing Gibbous • Full Moon • Waning Gibbous • Third (last) Quarter • Waning Crescent • Repeat • Takes 29.5 days

21. Phases of the Moon - booklet • Fold your 3 papers in half hamburger style • Staple 2 staples on creased side (no more than 1/8 inch in) • Use scissors to cut apart pages • Should have 6 page flaps • Front page: Title: Phases of the Moon • Back page: Your Name and Homeroom

22. Phases of the Moon • Page 1: We never see all of the moon. • The moon revolves around Earth every 29.5 days. It also spins around its axis every 29.5 days. • Because of the same rotation and revolution time, we will always see the same side of the moon. Therefore, we will never see all sides of the moon. • Page 2: Why does the moon change shape? • As the moon rotates and revolves, its surface reflects light from the sun. • Its angle to the sun determines how much of its surface we see on Earth. • There are 8 recognized phases.

23. Survey Questions (True or False) • The sun physically rises over Earth and then sets on the other side. • Our Earth rotates from East to West. • For Earth, it takes us 24 hours to revolve. • When it is 10 am here, it is 10 am in India. • We are able to see all sides of the moon as it rotates. • There is a dark side of the moon.

24. Survey Questions 7. The moon changes shape based on Earth’s shadow that it casts on the moon. 8. The Man in the Moon is seen because of craters. 9. We see a full moon when it is opposite of the sun, exposing a bright surface to us. 10. We see a new moon when it is lined up almost in front of the sun, expressing a darkened surface to us.

25. Phase 1 Fact: Sun, Moon, and Earth are roughly in a straight line • The moon is in the same direction as the sun (as we look at the moon). They rise and set at about the same time, hence why it is “dark”. New Moon Lasts about 1 day

26. Phase 2 Waxing = to increase, grow larger • The moon starts its journey around Earth and becomes lit by the sun (making a slight smile on the lower right side – a crescent). We will continue to see more of the surface as we head for the next phase. Waxing Crescent Moon Lasts about 6 days

27. Phase 3 Fact: We can only see ¼ of the moon’s surface at this time. • We can see half of the moon’s visible surface. It has completed ¼ of it revolution around Earth and ¼ of its rotation at this time. First Quarter Moon Lasts about 1 day

28. Phase 4 • The moon is over half lit, but not fully. The moon’s surface that faces us is getting close to being opposite of the sun. It continues to “grow” until it reaches Waxing Gibbous Moon Fact: Gibbous = to be more than half full Lasts about 6 days

29. Phase 5 Fact: When there are 2 full moons in a month, the 2nd is called a Blue Moon. • The moon’s surface (the half that we can always see) is now fully illuminated. It is opposite of the sun on the other side of Earth (1/2 complete with its rotation and revolution.) Full Moon Lasts about 1 day

30. Phase 6 Waning = to decrease, grow smaller • The moon is on the homeward stretch toward the sun again. We will start to see less of the moons surface. Becomes darkened where it was first lit. Waning Gibbous Moon Lasts about 7 days

31. Phase 7 • The moon’s surface is now half lit. We will continue to lose light on the surface as it gets closer to lining up near the sun. Third (Last) Quarter Moon Lasts about 1 day

32. Phase 8 • The moon’s surface is almost totally dark again, leaving Earth a glimpse of a thin crescent on the far left side of the moons’ surface. It will fully darken and become a New Moon and start its revolution and rotation again. Waning Crescent Moon Lasts about 6 days

33. Sweet Moon Phase Websites! • Earth and Moon Phase Viewer • Revolving Moon – Earth and Moon View

34. Eclipses • When do they happen? • When the moon’s shadow hits Earth or Earth’s shadow hits the moon • Two types • Solar and Lunar (Sun and Moon)

35. Solar Eclipse • Solar Eclipse: The moon passes directly between the Earth and the sun, blocking sunlight from Earth. • Which moon phase would this likely occur during?

36. Lunar Eclipse • Lunar Eclipse: The Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon. Earth’s shadow is cast onto the moon. • Which phase would this likely occur during?