Water

1. Water

2. A DI M I N I S H I N G R E S O U R C E

3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkNY78B2Jio&feature=related video

4. What is water? Water is made of tiny molecules of hydrogen and oxygen. Each one is so small that you can’t see it even with the most powerful microscope. Pure water has no color, no taste and doesn’t smell of anything. Water exists in three forms on the Earth: > solid (ice, hail, snow or frost) > liquid (in lakes, oceans, rain, dew, fog or mist) > gas (steam or water vapor - "invisible" water in the air).

5. Where can we get water? About 97% of the water on the Earth's surface is in the world's oceans. This is where you can find most of the other 3%: > Lakes > Rivers > Polar ice caps > Clouds > Rain > Stored in rocks (aquifers) > Sea ice

6. Why do we need water? To carry nutrients and waste in the body To lubricate joints, digestive tract and body tissues To cool the body, especially during periods of physical activity. To be used in factories, agriculture, hospitals, hotels, etc.

7. How much water do we need? Most people need about 6-8 glasses of water each day. Inadequate fluid intake can lead to constipation and dehydration. Caffeine-containing beverages (coffee, tea, colas, etc.) should not be drunk because caffeine actually causes you to lose water. More water may be needed during times of fever, or illness. Athletes should drink additional amounts before, during and after exercise.

8. Global Facts…the reality is… more than one out of six people lack access to safe drinking water; 1.1 billion people more than two out of six lack adequate sanitation; 2.6 billion people 3900 children die every day from water-borne diseases Up to half of humanity has one of these six main diseases 1. diarrhea 2. schistosomiasis 3.trachoma 4. infestation with ascaris 5. infestation with guinea worm 6. infestation with hookworm

9. Social Consequences Globally • China, with 1.26 billion people, "the water table is dropping one meter per year due to over-pumping, and the Chinese admit that 300 cities are running short. • In India, home to 1.002 billion people, key aquifers are being over-pumped, and the soil is growing saltier through contamination with irrigation water • Israel (population 6.2 million), invented many water-conserving technologies, but water withdrawals still exceed resupply. • Egypt(population of 68 million), is irrigated by seasonal floods from the Nile River, and from water stored behind the Aswan High Dam. Any interference with water flow by Sudan or Ethiopia could starve Egypt. • Mexico City (home to 20 million people) is sinking because the city sucks out underground water faster than the aquifer can be refilled.

10. Social Consequences (cont.) • More and more areas are becoming unstable with regards to their water resources • More and more people are dying from thirst and water-borne contaminants

11. Political Consequences • W A R

12. Economic For each one dollar invested in the World Health Organization it is estimated that $3-$34 of services are possible in developing countries depending on the region and technology.

13. Economic Consequences of diminishing water resources • Higher food prices at the supermarket • Loss of businesses (old and new) • Higher cost for water on your utility bill

14. Who Suffers? Us humans of course no water, no life! The more population the less water. As mentioned, about 1.1 billion people lack access to clean water, and 2.6 billion do not have access to improved sanitation facilities Destruction of aquatic ecosystems and extinction of species Growing risks of regional and international conflicts over scarce or shared water supplies Businesses- (cost of water); both surface water and groundwater in response to high market prices

15. Who Suffers ? • Millions of people worldwide • Agriculture • Ranchers • Businesses • Wildlife • YOU !!

16. Who benefits economically? Government and politicians Less supply more demands which includes a high price in markets

17. Who Benefits from Clean Water? • EVERYONE !! • If ever there was something that people actually “can’t live without”, it is water. • Not just any water, but clean, drinkable water.

18. What Conditions Help To Promote The Problem ? • “Can’t happen here” mentality; denial that there is a problem • Population growth- coupled with industrialization and urbanization • Climate change • Lack of environmental concern; pollution • Lack of conservation; misuse

19. Map of the World showing water scarcity

21. Top 10 largest cities by population that have the greatest chance of running out of water Los Angeles-major water supply Colorado River Basin Houston- Jasper Aquifer, Lake Houston, Lake Conroe Phoenix- Colorado River Basin San Antonio, TX- Various groundwater sources San Francisco bay areas- Various, including Lake Hetch Hetchy Fortworth, TX- Multiple water supplies Las Vegas- Lake Mead/Colorado River Tucson, AZ- Local groundwater Atlanta- Lake Lanier Orlando, FL- Florida Aquifer

22. Water Recycling Treatment Process 2011 San Antonio Water System: Recycling Process

23. Possible Solutions • 1st step to any solution is in getting people to understand that there is a problem • Need to work to keep the water we do have clean; reduce contaminants

25. Saving water in homes Running water is required for an endless list of uses in and around the home. Imagine living in a house without running water...For some this might be a nightmare but for many it is reality. This is because some of us are not careful while using water in our homes! So, others suffer because of us.. <back

27. Saving water in gardens There are lots of easy and effective ways to reduce the use of precious drinking water on our gardens. Many gardens contain plants inappropriate for our environment and we tend to water far more than necessary, because we don’t know what our plants really need. We can't afford gardens that require excessive amounts of water. <back

29. Saving water in business There are many opportunities to reduce water used in businesses, may be in the factory, office, restrooms or canteen. FOOD PROCESSING Saving water can result in better hygiene and reduction in costs. HOSPITALITY Good water management in hospitality will help protect environment. NURSERIES Water efficiency also encourages good business practices. TEXTILES Saving water can result in better hygiene and reduction in costs. CONSTRUCTION Good water management in hospitality will help protect environment. MANUFACTURING Water efficiency also encourages good business practices. <back

31. Saving water in agriculture While agriculture is one of our country's most significant water users, some innovative solutions have been developed to improve water use efficiency and maintain or even increase yields. COTTON Efficient water management is vital for cotton growers to achieve high yields. RICE Rice is the main crop of India and it requires a lot of water for sowing, growing, cleaning, etc. DAIRY The dairy industry uses water for irrigation of pastures, watering stock and cleaning dairy sheds. <back

32. Still more possible solutions: 1. Hard path - building of dams, pipelines & environmentally-destructive infrastructure - government run and owned with no personal ownership 2. Soft path - Reuse of wastewater ~ storm runoff, gray water & reclaimed wastewater are well-suited to irrigate landscaping - water agency or company personnel to interact closely with water users & to engage community groups in water management. - governments, companies, & individuals to meet the needs of peoples & businesses, instead of just supplying water 3. Privately funded companies 4. Desalination - the removal of salt from salt water -- would be the ultimate solution to water woes -- if it can be done cheaply enough

33. CONSERVE TO PRESERVE Individual Actions Matter

34. Questions • What would you suggest as a possible solution for the equitable distribution of the world’s water resources? • What things can you as an individual do to help preserve our world’s water supplies?

35. Warm up Wednesday October 10th Answer the following in the warm up section of your science notebook! • 1. How much of the earth is covered in water? • 2. What are the major steps in the water cycle? • 3. Why is the water cycle considered to be in balance?