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Inquiry Activity

Section 15-1. Inquiry Activity. 1. Hypothesis : What kind of variation in length do lima beans show? Prediction : ____________________________________ Data Gathering :

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Inquiry Activity

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  1. Section 15-1 Inquiry Activity 1. Hypothesis: What kind of variation in length do lima beans show? Prediction: ____________________________________ Data Gathering: With your partner, count out 10 lima beans and measure the length of each to the nearest 0.5 millimeter. Record your results in a data table. Graph the number of lima beans you found at each length, and draw a best-fit curve for your data. (see sample data) Add another lab pair’s data to your data table, graphing the combined data on the same graph as your original data, and draw a new curve. (see sample data) Repeat Step b until you have drawn a curve representing the combined data of the class.

  2. Analyzing the Data: As more and more data is added, how long • are most of the beans measured? • 5. Drawing Conclusions: _________________________________ • _________________________________ • _________________________________ most lima beans are medium-sized

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  27. Section 15-1 So why are most lima beans, and other sexually-reproducing organisms, medium-sized?

  28. An individual who produces as much melanin as humanly possible has genotype MMLLNN. That person’s phenotype would be to have very dark skin, so brown as to almost appear black. MMLLNN During meiosis, the diploid (2n) genotype, MMLLNN, Is reduced to the haploid genotype. As the alleles are segregated from each other, the only possibility for the sperm or egg is MLN. MLN MLN

  29. egg MLN Section 15-1 The union of one genetic half-cell, the sperm, with the other genetic half-cell, the egg, results in one genetically whole cell, the zygote MLN sperm + MMLLNN zygote fertilization

  30. Add the alleles from the sperm (MLN) and the alleles from the egg (MLN) to determine the genotype of the zygote (and the new individual), (MMLLNN)

  31. The genotype of all the offspring, (1 out of 1, or 1/1), is MMLLNN, so all the offspring have the same phenotype—very dark skin.

  32. An individual who produces as little melanin as humanly possible has genotype mmllnn. That person’s phenotype would be to have very light skin, so as to appear so white that the pink of the blood shows through. mmllnn mln mln During meiosis, the diploid (2n) genotype, mmllnn, is reduced to the haploid genotype. As the alleles are segregated from each other, the only possibility for the sperm or egg is mln.

  33. Add the alleles from the sperm (mln) and the alleles from the egg (mln) to determine the genotype of the zygote (and the new individual)

  34. The genotype of all the offspring, (1 out of 1, or 1/1), is mmllnn, so all the offspring have the same phenotype—very light skin. In both examples, when the very dark mate with the very dark and when the very light mate with the very light, the crosses result in no variation. What happens if the very dark mate with the very light?

  35. Add the alleles from the sperm (MLN) and the alleles from the egg (mln) to determine the genotype of the zygote (and the new individual)

  36. The genotype of all the offspring, (1 out of 1, or 1/1), is MmLlNn, so all the offspring have the same phenotype—medium skin. In all three examples, when the very extreme mate with the very extreme, the crosses result in no variation. What happens if the medium-skinned mate with the medium skinned?

  37. During meiosis, the diploid (2n) genotype, MmLlNn is reduced to the haploid genotype. As the alleles segregate and assort independently, maximum diversity results. MLN mln MLn mlN MmLlNn MlN mLn Mln mLN

  38. Add the alleles from the sperm (MLN) and the alleles from the egg (MLN) to determine the genotype of the zygote (and the new individual), (MMLLNN)

  39. Now do the same for the other possible combinations of sperm and eggs, filling in the boxes of the Punnet square

  40. Now, fill in the rest of the squares

  41. If you count up the number of alleles represented by capital letters, you get the number of alleles that code to make a person’s hair, eyes, or skin darker, because each allele represented by a capital letter causes skin cells to make more melanin (brown pigment)

  42. The number of alleles coding for the cells to make melanin determine how genetically dark the individual’s hair, skin, or eyes will be. Count up the alleles and total them in the first square

  43. The number of alleles coding for the cells to make melanin determine how genetically dark the individual’s hair, skin, or eyes will be. Count up the alleles and total them in the first square

  44. Now, count up the alleles coding for melanin production and total them in each square of the Punnet square

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