DR.K.S.MANJA Visiting Professor Sir.M.Visvesvaraya Chair University Of Mysore

1. DR.K.S.MANJA Visiting Professor Sir.M.Visvesvaraya Chair University Of Mysore

2. Psychological Ethics • Economic Ethics • Social Ethics • Animal Ethics • Social Literacy • Technological Literacy • Scientifically Right • Ethically Wrong • Laboratory Ethics • Sink testing

3. Group antagonistic to BT • Alter Consumer Perception of facts • Gap in scientific and religious group • Fear of unknown • Risk communication • Regulatory bodies- FDA, FSSA • Unreasonable demands • Impediment to Food BT • Is it ethically right • Legality ?

4. Food Biotech Industry • Advancement in Science • Govt. regulations • Consumer resistance : Eu, Japan ---- US • Religious group • GM Food 28/2/00 • Edinburgh. Tony Blair • Protest group

5. BT – Sweet Protein • Monellin • Thaumatin • Pentadin • Curculin – clone • Miraculin – clone • 1600 – 3000 times sweeter • Disulfide bridge • Heat stability • Aspartame -Asp& Phy.Alenine • Thermo -stable amylases

6. Gene Com • PFIZER • MICROBIAL RENNINS • Microbial flavours • Coconut flavour - T. viride • Plant tissue culture for safron

7. Allergens in GM Foods • Soya bean - Metheonine • Brazil nut • Consumer perception • Not equivalent to native crops • Psychological ethics • Milk • Nuts • Variety of vegetables

8. Ethical Aspects • Dietary laws • Muslim • Jews • Hindus • Vegans • Halal • Kosher • Veg (True / Lacto)

9. Muslim foods • Humane way • Name of Allah • Mixing permitted • Prohibited • Haram • Dead • Porcine / Swine • Blood • Other Gods (Carnivorous)

10. Ethnic Group • Kosher - Jews • Four genders • Meat • Dairy (Cannot be mixed) • Neutral (other animals) • None of the above • Different laws for fasting • Fermentation (No mixture) • Kosher certification

11. Bone China • Clothe • Pot • Prohibited • Holiday fast: Wheat, Oat, Rye • Prohibited grains • Insertion of genes from prohibited grains • A warning to BT • Products cannot be sold • BT are doing unethical for then ?

12. Porcine Somatotrophins - No • Non bovine rennet - cheese • Microbial rennins - yes • Jews - Porcine lipase. Cheese - yes • Transgenic Products • Prohibited mixtures • Mules prohibited • Bovine genes - vegans ? • BST (sheep, goat) - Hindu

13. Int. Food Biotech Council • Sources of allergens (Ig E) • Milk • Fish • Egg • Wheat • 160 other food crops • Unknown allergic potential • Skin prick test • Double blind Placebo trial • Non food source (gene) • Eg. Bacillus

14. Ethics of labelling • To be labelled or not • Pesticide residue • Relevant and unstandable • Curds with 108 cfu/g (microbes) • Sugar with 105 /g (spores) • Milk powder / ice cream • 90 coliforms/g (intestinal germs) • Sambar powder with 107/g • Virus and drug resistant genes • 10 Rat hairs in one kg rice

15. Consumer confidence • Right of choice • Fear of consequence • Things to hide • Consumer activist orgn. • Campaign of suppression • Industry resistance • Religious and other groups • Codex alimentarius

16. Increasing litigation • Garibaldi, Australia • Criminal charges of murder • Time spent by biotechnologists • Courts • Police • Lawyers • Look beyond your boundaries • Not science alone - ethics also

17. Economic ethics • “Terminator gene technology” • “Gene protection technology” • Ribosome Inhibitor Protein • Formers • Ecological/ Social responsibility • Monsanto/Soft milling • Seed ownership/dictatorship • Bollgard technology • Food fascism • Second generation is skilled • Indian scenario - Ethics • Private ownership - Life forms

18. Spreading infertility ? • Dominance of giant companies • Industrial mergers • Killing new technologies • Patent act 1970 -1999. Amendments • TT no agronomic advantage • Greater Profit • Verminator - No spouting before harvest • Poineer • Monsanto • Novartis

19. Monsanto swallowed Ten companies in the last decade • Money power - BT • Kellogs Breakfast • MAHYCO - Monsanto (24 times) • Legally right • Ethically ? • Exchange saved seeds • Scientist - Social sensitivity

20. Social ethics • Test tube baby • Stem cell therapy • Social matrix • Human milk from animal source • Human Growth Hormone • Gene products across the barrier of species and Sex

21. Tissue engineering • Small arteries from swine • Cornea, Liver • Swine stem cell ? • Biomaterials for drug delivery • Swine heart ? • Surgery Trg - Johnson & Johnson • Heart valve • Cornea • Swine flue

22. BT and Biological warfare • 1972 BW Convention • BWTC • Genetically modified pathogens • Deliberate contamination • Plant pathogens • Rabbit - Myxomatosis in Australia • Drug resistant strains • Great Briton – Gruniard Island • Anthrax spores • Took 80 years to decontaminate

23. Laboratory Ethics • Oregon in USA 1984 • Rajaneeshpuram • S. typhimurium • Political gain • Disgruntled employees • Texas medical lab 1996 • Shigella - Bacillary dysentery

24. Animal Ethics - Biotechproducts • It is unethical to expose - “Unconsenting creatures to harm when the benefit is for others” • How successful are animal expt. ? • Thalidomide - Teratogeny • Eraldin - Blindness • Mexafom - Optic nerve • Drugs withdrawn • Opren, Zomax, Ibufenaeetc

25. Legal aspects • Rules for hazardous microbes / Genetically eng. Microbes 1989. Min. Environ. Forestry • Recombinant DNA safety guidelines and regulations DBT, Min. Sci. Tecnhnol. • Labeling of GM products - codex • Food Safety and Standards 2005 • Min. Food Proc. Industry

26. Social literary for Scientists • Science and technological literacy for society • As the politics is imbibed in the society • Science should be imbibed in the same way

27. Thanks : UGC University of Mysore Dept. of Microbiology