Welcome Back!

1. Welcome Back! • Let’s reconnect! • Think about our school year so far. What are the expectations that we strive to maintain in our classes and mini school? • Create a Top 10 List with your table. The Top 10 Expectations of 7C- Create a New Year’s Goal to work on. • Gallery Walk

2. ELA Headbands • Create partners for the week. Next Door Neighbor Partner, Siegel Partner, Cavalier Partner, January Partner • Think about the texts that we have read so far this school year-both fiction and non-fiction. Use your composition book to help you. • Choose one character from a text that we have read this year. Write it on the post-it note, but keep it hidden. • Switch post-it notes with someone at your table. Do not let them see it!!!! Stick it on their forehead! • Wait for instructions. Go to the assigned partner and ask them 5 yes or no questions about the post-it stuck on your head. If you guess it sit down, if not, wait until I call new partners. You will get three tries.

3. THOSE PESKY COMMAS! 14 COMMA RULES TO MAKE YOU A BETTER WRITER

4. RULE #1 In a series of 3 or more… I like nachosburritosandtamales. , , 3 items = 2 commas I brought my sleeping bagsleepingpadNalgene bottle and a tent on the trip. , , , 4 items = 3 commas

5. RULE #1 When 2 or more adjectives precede a noun… , , Sara found a slimywetsquishy slug in her sleeping bag. 3 adjectives before the noun = 2 commas

6. RULE #1 NO commas between an adverb and an adjective… The extraordinarilyobservant student picked up a wad of paper off the floor. No Commas Needed!!

7. Give It A Try! • Create a sentence that has 3 items in a series. Use proper conventions. • Create a sentence that has 3 adjectives that precede a noun. • Write a sentence that has an adverb before the adjective. Think winter break!

8. For what purpose do authors write? • Discuss this with your table.

9. How do writers vary their style? Text Structure • Discuss this with your table.

10. Foldable • Follow the instructions on how to fold and cut your foldable. • On the front slits, write: • Chronological • Sequential • Compare and Contrast • Cause and Effect • Problem Solution • Spatial Description

11. What is a text structure? • Writers use different structures to build their ideas • Each text structure communicates ideas in a different way

12. Chronological Order • Authors use chronological order to explain how things happen in order Chronological order

13. Chronological order • You will know that you are reading a text in chronological order because you will see words like first, next, later, then, and finally. • Most importantly, chronological order has to do with time.

14. Chronological order • You will often see chronological order in directions: Have you ever made macaroni and cheese? It’s simple! First, boil some water and make some macaroni. Then, make your cheese sauce. After the cheese sauce is ready, mix it with the macaroni. Bake the entire thing in the oven. Finally, it’s time to eat!

15. Pennsylvania has many historic sites. You can visit Revolutionary war sites, like Valley Forge. You can also visit important locations from the Civil War, like Gettysburg. Finally, you can also see the site of the first oil well in Titusville. Pennsylvania has many neat places to visit! Through the ages, Pennsylvania has seen many interesting events. The state was founded in 1681 by William Penn. Later, Pennsylvania was the site of important Revolutionary War battles. After that, Pennsylvania was home to new factories during the Industrial Revolution. Today, Pennsylvania continues to make history. Which paragraph is in chronological order?

16. Another Text Structure • Suppose an author wanted to explain how these two birds are similar and different • Chronological order wouldn’t work---there is no order of events • The author would need to use compare and contrast

17. Compare and Contrast The cardinal and the cedar waxwing are two common birds. Both have crests on their heads. Both are common at birdfeeders. But the birds have some differences. The male cardinal is a bright red, while the waxwing is brown. The cedar waxwing often migrates from place to place. On the other hand, the cardinal stays in one place year after year.

18. Another text structure • Sometimes, a writer will want to explain how one event leads to another • This kind of text structure is called cause and effect

19. Cause and effect clue words • When authors write paragraphs to show causes and effects, they use words like cause, effect, as a result, consequently, and so

20. Can you find the clue words? The night’s snowstorm had many effects. People were out shoveling snow from their sidewalks. The power lines were draped with ice. Snow plows drove down every street. Children were the happiest of all. The unexpected snow caused school to be cancelled!

21. More with cause and effect Baby painted turtles spend all winter in their nests. They have special chemicals in their blood that can keep their blood from freezing. As a result, baby painted turtles can survive freezing temperatures!

22. Another kind of text structure • Sometimes, an author will want to explain a problem, and then show one or more solutions • This kind of text structure is called problem and solution

23. Park School had a terrible problem. Every day at recess, students would argue over the slides. Teachers had to spend time every day taking care of the arguments. Finally, one teacher came up with a great solution. They bought another set of slides that everyone could enjoy. Can you find the problem and the solution in this paragraph? An example of problem and solution

24. A more difficult problem and solution paragraph The Chesapeake Bay faces an uncertain future. Issues such as pesticides, too many nutrients, and habitat loss all threaten the Bay’s water quality and animal life. However, scientists are hopeful that the future may be brighter. If everyone in the Chesapeake Bay watershed works together, solutions may be found.

25. Chronological order Compare and contrast Cause and effect Problem and solution Daniel Sullivan was the first to notice the flames coming from the O’Leary barn at around 8:30 pm on October 8. A problem with the alarm box made it impossible for the people in the area to call for the fire department. By 9:30 pm, the entire block was blazing. In another 3 hours, there were fires all over Chicago. The heavy wind coming from the lake only made the fire bigger. It would be another day before the fire would be completely out. By that time, 17,500 buildings had been burned. What’s the text structure?

26. Compare and contrast Cause and effect Problem and solution Why was the Great Chicago Fire so disastrous? After all, Chicago had fire departments and fire alarms. One reason for the terrible fire is that the alarm malfunctioned. The local fire company noticed the fire by accident as it was returning from another fire. As another problem, a watchman who saw the flames directed other fire companies to a location that was nearly a mile away from the fire. Because of these two problems, a fire that could have been controlled rapidly spread across the city. Try another!

27. Chronological order Compare and contrast Cause and effect Problem and solution After the fire, thousands of people were left homeless. Many escaped the fire with nothing except the clothes on their backs. Providing all of these people with food, clean water, and shelter was a huge task. Luckily, the city quickly formed a Relief and Aid Society. This group started giving out the food donations that were pouring in from other cities. The society built places for people to live, gathered the tools that people needed to rebuild their houses, and even vaccinated 64,000 people against smallpox. What is the text structure?

28. RULE #2 QUOTATION MARKS - Use commas to set off explanatory words (such as Rachel said, replied Maggie, announced Tim) of a direct quotation.

29. RULE #2 QUOTATION MARKS “So far “ began Elissa “English has been very enlightening.” , , , Gasping for breath, Tristan announced “The pigeons pecked at my ankles and chased me across the street.”

30. Linguistic Builder • Don’t forget to send me you’re new e-mail address Charlie said. • I wonder said Beth why the neighbors are making so much noise. • Get all of your materials together first Dad reminded me and then we can start.

31. Academic Vocabulary Words Help! Explain: Describe something in detail so that it is more clearly understood. Identify: Indicate what a thing is, when, and where it occurs. Illustrate: Give one or more examples of the topic, relating each to the topic. Interpret: Explain what something means in your own words. Relate: Show how the topic had an effect on something else and/or the connection between two things. Synthesize: Express how one idea is connected to another. Compare: Show how two things are alike and different. Contrast: Show only the differences between two things. Evaluate: Give an opinion telling the positive and negative qualities of something. Analyze: Separate something into parts and discuss or examine each part. Describe: Give an account of something by giving details of characteristics, qualities, and parts. Summarize: Give a shortened account, including the main points and highlights. Delineate: Explain in detail.

32. RULE #3 TOO MEANS ALSO -Use commas to separate “too” from the rest of the sentence when it can be replaced by the word “also.”

33. RULE #3 TOO MEANS ALSO , I want to go to Culver’s for dinner too. Running 26.2 miles would make my legs ache too. ,

34. Give it a try! 1. Create two sentences that incorporate the word “too”. Use proper comma usage.

35. Text Structure CFA 1. Read carefully. Decipher the text structure.

36. (Tuesday) RULE 4 IN DATES -Use commas between the day of the month and the year. -In a sentence, the comma follows the year.

37. RULE #4 IN DATES , December 6 2007 , , October 31 1989 was the last Halloween that I went “trick-or-treating.”

38. Practice 1. Write two sentences that contain dates in them. Incorporate the comma rule.

39. Academic Vocabulary Create a riddle about one of your academic vocabulary words. Example of a text structure riddle: I use word clues such as however, like, unlike, and although. Sometimes I am similar and sometimes I am different. You could use a Venn Diagram to organize my information. What text structure am I?

40. Text Structure CFA Read each text structure carefully. Use your foldable to help you analyze the structures. 3. Pay close attention to the transition words.

41. (Wed.) RULE #5 IN ADDRESSES -Use commas between the name of the city or town and the name of its state or country and the rest of the sentence. -In writing the address in a sentence, use a comma after each item (Except between state and zip code).

42. RULE #5 IN ADDRESSES , Sydney Australia sounds like a wonderful place to visit. Mail the package to 1234 Candy Cane Ln Hopkins MN 55305. , ,

43. Practice Write a sentence about a city and state that you have visited. 2. You are sending your long lost friend a care package. Create an address where your friend lives.

44. Claims and Supporting Evidence Terms: Thesis Statement- A sentence that states the author’s claim in a piece of writing Valid- Having sound, well-reasoned basis in fact (Does your claim have reliable evidence?) Evidence- facts that support your claim Tone-The author’s feelings about the subject. Counterclaim-a claim made to argue against another claim

45. (Thurs.) RULE #6 LETTER - Use commas after the greeting and closing of a letter.

46. RULE #6 LETTER , Dear Mom I love your home cooking! With love Timmy ,

47. Practice 1. Write a very short, friendly letter to your teacher explaining why you deserve an A in her class. Use proper comma usage.

48. Academic Vocabulary Test When complete: Turn over your quiz On the back, try to answer these questions: What is another word for a thesis statement? What do you think is the difference between argumentative and persuasive writing? List as many things as you can that good writers do when writing an essay.

49. The Moon Is The Blue Cheese Read The Moon Is The Blue Cheese. Annotate the text. (make connections, ask questions, make comments, underline the thesis/claim, underline the author’s evidence that supports the claim. Answer the questions. Understand that valid evidence cannot be a personal opinion, what some people think, tradition, or simply morally right. Evidence must have proven evidence. 4. When instructed to do so, compare what you wrote with your writing partner.

50. The Moon Is The Blue Cheese The thesis/claim is that the moon is blue cheese. 2. The evidence for the claim is not valid. While “facts” about similar size and shape support the thesis, they do NOT pass the “tests” of being valid reasoning, relevant, or sufficient.