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Agenda. Go over 11.4 study guide Illustrated Timeline Start CAT: Home Front. On the back of your study guide copy the following (for later):. Neutrality Act of 1935 Neutrality Act of 1937 Neutrality Act of 1939 Destroyers for Bases – 1940 Export Control Act – July, 1940
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Agenda • Go over 11.4 study guide • Illustrated Timeline • Start CAT: Home Front
On the back of your study guide copy the following (for later): • Neutrality Act of 1935 • Neutrality Act of 1937 • Neutrality Act of 1939 • Destroyers for Bases – 1940 • Export Control Act – July, 1940 • America First Committee – Sept. 1940 • Presidential Election – Nov. 1940 • Lend-Lease Act – Dec. 1940 • Hemispheric Defense Zone – 1941 • Lend-Lease Aid to China – 1941 • Atlantic Charter – Aug. 1941 • Pearl Harbor – Dec. 7, 1941
Review from 11.1 • Neutrality Act of 1935 • Illegal to sell arms to any country at war • Neutrality Act of 1937 • Countries at war must buy non-millitary items through the “cash and carry” policy • “Cash and Carry” Policy • All items purchased must be paid for with cash and shipped from US on the buyers own ships.
11.1 – America and the World II. America Turns to Neutrality • Why were Americans discouraged by the rise of dictatorships in Europe and Asia? The rise of dictatorships made the sacrifices they had made during WWI seem pointless B. What was isolationism?The philosophy that the US should focus on its own problems and avoid international commitments that might drag the country into another war.
11.1 – America and the World C. Why did isolationist ideas become even stronger in the United States in the 1930s? • First in June 1934, all of the debtor nations from WWI except Finland announced they would no longer pay their war debts to the US. • At about the same time books and articles appeared, arguing that arms manufacturers tricked the US into entering the war.
11.1 – America and the World D. What were the purposes of the neutrality acts passed by Congress between 1935 and 1937? • The Neutrality Act of 1935 made it illegal for Americans to sell arms to any country at war. • As the Spanish Civil War increased, Congress passed another act banning sales to either side. • The Neutrality Act of 1937 also required warring countries to buy nonmilitary supplies from the US on a “cash and carry” basis (no credit).
11.1 – America and the World E. What was internationalism? The idea that trade between nations creates prosperity and helps prevent war.
Chapter 11.4 Study Guide • What were the elements of the weaker version of the Neutrality Act passed by Congress in 1939? It allowed warring countries to buy arms from the US so long as they paid cash and carried the goods away on their own ships
Chapter 11.4 Study Guide • When did the US face its first test in remaining neutral? In May 1940, when Churchill asked Roosevelt for Old American destroyers • How did Roosevelt manage to give Churchill the destroyers he asked for? He bypassed the provisions of the Neutrality Act that required cash for purchases by giving him the destroyers. (Destroyers for Bases)
Chapter 11.4 Study Guide • What did Churchill give FDR instead of cash for the destroyers? The right to build American bases on British-controlled Newfoundland, Bermuda, and British islands in the Caribbean. • When did public opinion about the destroyers-for-bases deal begin to shift? After the German invasion of France and the rescue of the Allied forces at Dunkirk
Chapter 11.4 Study Guide • What did the Fight for Freedom Committee promote? The repeal of the neutrality laws and stronger action against Germany • Who were the members of the America First Committee? Staunch isolationists opposed to any aid to the Allies; some famous members included aviator Charles Lindbergh & Senator Gerald Nye
Chapter 11.4 Study Guide • What was a major reason that Roosevelt was reelected in 1940? Many voters preferred to stick with a president they knew during the crisis period • What were the “Four Freedoms” for which both the US and Britain stood? • Freedoms of speech & worship • Freedoms from want & fear
Chapter 11.4 Study Guide • How did FDR get around the “cash and carry” requirement of the Neutrality Act when Britain could no longer meet those terms? The President created the “Lend-Lease” act through which the US would be able lend or lease arms to any country considered “vital to the defense of the US.” This proposal meant the US could send weapons to Britain promised to return them or pay rent for them when the war ended.
Chapter 11.4 Study Guide • What was the purpose hemispheric defense zone? British ships carrying arms and supplies from US were being attacked by German subs in Atlantic. FDR could not order the Navy to protect the ships, since the US was still neutral (technically). He declared that the entire western half of the Atlantic was part of the Western Hemisphere and therefore neutral too. Then US ships could patrol the western Atlantic and radio the location of German subs to the British.
Chapter 11.4 Study Guide • What was the text of the Atlantic Charter? It committed the US and Britain to a post-war world of democracy, non-aggression, free trade, economic advancement, and freedom of the seas. • What was the Export Control Act? An act giving FDR the power to restrict the sale of strategic material (materials important for fighting a war) to other nations. FDR used this act to immediately block the sale of airplane fuel and scrap iron to Japan.
Chapter 11.4 Study Guide • What was the Japanese response to the Export Control Act? They were furious and signed an alliance with Germany and Italy, formally becoming a member of the Axis Powers. • Why did FDR extend lend-lease aid to China? Japan had invaded China in 1934, and by 1941 it controlled much of the Chinese coast. FDR hoped that lend-lease aid would enable the Chinese to tie down the Japanese and prevent them from attacking elsewhere.
Chapter 11.4 Study Guide • Why did the Japanese decide to attack Pearl Harbor? In response to the Japanese threat in China Roosevelt froze all Japanese assets in the US and reduced the amount of oil being shipped to Japan. The reduced oil supply jeopardized Japan’s war against China, so the Japanese military made plans to attack the resource-rich British and Dutch colonies in southeast Asia and to seize the Philippines and attack the American fleet at Pearl Harbor. They could not risk leaving the US with a navy fleet in the Pacific to oppose their plans.
