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Introduction to the EU Gary Marks

Explore the five perspectives on the European Union - peace, democracy, protest, efficiency, and survival. Understand the historical context, challenges, and achievements of the EU.

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Introduction to the EU Gary Marks

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  1. Introduction to the EUGary Marks

  2. Five Perspectives on the EU1. Peace 2. Democracy 3. Protest 4. Efficiency 5. Survival

  3. PERSPECTIVE ONEPeace • World War I: 20 million dead • World War II: 70 million dead What to do about nationalism: the most deadly force in human history

  4. A “United States of Europe” . . .What is this sovereign remedy? It is to recreate the European Family or as much of it as we can and provide it with a structure under which it can dwell in peace, in safety and freedom. We must build a kind of United States of Europe. Therefore I say to you: “Let Europe Arise!” Zurich, 19 Sept 1946

  5. How can war be averted? “ . . . only one solution: we must bind ourselves inextricably to Germany. . .” Jean Monnet The Schuman DeclarationEurope will not be made all at once, or according to a single plan. It will be built through concrete achievements . . . The French government proposes that Franco-German production of coal and steel as a whole be placed under a common High Authority. . .as a first step in the federation of Europe. Any war between France and Germany becomes not merely unthinkable, but materially impossible. ….Robert Schuman, 9 May 1950 JJean Monnet Robert Schuman

  6. Three Landmarks • The European Coal and Steel Community (1951): Succeeded! • European Defence Community (1954): Failed! • The European Economic Community (1957): Succeeded!

  7. PERSPECTIVE TWO Democracy It’s no secret We actually know how to consolidate democracy

  8. Copenhagen criteria “Membership requires that the candidate country has achieved stability of institutions guaranteeing . . .” 1) therule of law, human rightsand respect for, and protection ofminorities 2)democracy 3) the existence of a functioningmarket economy

  9. PERSPECTIVE THREEProtest no! No! NO!

  10. Elites and public on Europe Sources: a) elites, Intune (Fall 2007) b) public opinion: Eurobarometer 68 (Fall 2007)

  11. REFERENDA ON EUROPE

  12. IDENTITY Source: Commission (2002 survey), Public Opinion (Eurobarometer 2001)

  13. Criticism on the radical right

  14. http://europa.sp.nl/campagne2004/waakhond.shtml Criticism on the radicalleft

  15. First anti-EU protests in Bulgaria (January 2007) Issue: sales tax on home-made liquor Graffiti: We don’t want Europe We don’t want money We want the liquor at the old prices.

  16. 1=exclusive national identity 2= mix of national and european identity Eurobarometer 1992-1998

  17. PERSPECTIVE FOUREfficiency n“Multilevel governance must be a priority.” José Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission, 2009. “Develop as quickly as possible practical measures . . . with a view to strengthening multilevel governance.” October 2008 resolution of the European Parliament

  18. Principles of Multilevel Government Centralize where necessary a) encompass relevant externalities b) exploit economies of scale Decentralize where possible a) responsive government b) preferences vary

  19. Match the scale of government to the scale of problem: • Local: garbage pickup • Regional: urban sprawl • National: land usage; transport network • Continental: Rhine pollution • Global: climate change

  20. 1950: sovereign national states National legal systems, armies, taxation, parliaments, welfare health, education Inside countries: legitimate authority, the rule of law, democracy, liberty, equality Outside countries: no legitimate authority, no effective legal or normative order, anarchy, power politics, war

  21. Regionalization in Europe

  22. PERSPECTIVE FIVESURVIVALWhy the EU is the world’s most important experiment

  23. A growing number of public bads are transnational

  24. Falling cost of transport and communications

  25. deforestation • overfishing • nuclear waste disposal • epidemics • refugees • climate change • nuclear proliferation • financial regulation • failing states • biodiversity loss • ocean exhaustion Combatting these problems involves winners and losers

  26. national sovereignty is seriously suboptimal

  27. 3.9% 11.1% 85.0% 6.6% 93.3%

  28. the European Union is the world’s most important experiment in creating authoritative, general purpose, supranational government

  29. task specificgeneral purpose

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