Chapter 14 Overview

1. Chapter 14 Overview • The Hopes of immigrants • American Literature & Art • Reforming American Society • Abolition & Women’s Rights

2. The Hopes of Immigrants :Immigration between 1820 & 1860

3. Who came?

4. Push-Pull Factors (Why did they come?) Push Factors Pull Factors • Population Growth • Agricultural Changes • Crop Failures • Industrial Revolution • Religious & Political Turmoil • Freedom • Economic Opportunity • Abundant Land

5. How did they get here? Train & Co. Boston Packets Advertisement, 1855 Courtesy of the Bostonian Society/Old State House http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthewater/exhibition/2_3.html

6. OPTIC • O is for Overview. • Conduct a brief overview of the main subject of the visual. • P is for Parts. • Scrutinize the parts of the visual. • Note any elements or details that seem important. • T is for Title or Theme. • Read the title or caption of the visual (if present) for added information. • I is for Interrelationships. • Use the words in the title or caption and the individual parts of the visual to determine connections and relationships within the graphic. • C is for Conclusion. • Draw a conclusion about the meaning of the visual as a whole. • Summarize the message in one or two sentences.

7. OPTIC

8. Steerage class ticket

9. View of passenger quarters

10. Where did they settle? • Port cities (Boston, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York City) • Midwest & Texas • Midwest – mainly Minnesota & Wisconsin • Irish • Germans • Scandinavians

11. Street with some businesses started by German immigrants Some German artisans opens businesses as bakers, butchers, carpenters, printers, shoemakers, and tailors. Many were very successful. In 1853, John Jacob Bausch and Henry Lomb started a company that is still in business, today.

12. American Literature & Art: • Writers & artists drew inspiration from nature and democratic ideals • Romanticism – emphasized the individual, imagination, creativity & emotion • Writers such as Nathaniel Hawthorne & Henry David Thoreau laid the foundation for American literature

13. Writers: Artists: • Washington Irving • James Fenimore Cooper • Francis Parkman • Noah Webster • Henry Wadsworth Longfellow • Ralph Waldo Emerson • Henry David Thoreau • Margaret Fuller • Walt Whitman • Emily Dickinson • Nathaniel Hawthorne • Herman Melville • Hudson River School • Albert Bierstadt • John James Audubon

14. Reforming American Society: Second Great Awakening Temperance Movement Labor Unions & Strikes Horace Mann Private Colleges Alexander Twilight (1823) & John Russworm (1826) Mary Jane Patterson Dorothea Dix “Penny Papers”

15. Abolition & Women's Rights:

16. “... such is the horrible idea that I entertain respecting a life of servitude, that if I conceived of there being no possibility of my rising above the condition of servant, I would gladly hail death as a welcome messenger.” Maria Stewart

17. ... this nation is rotten at the heart, and ... nothing but the most tremendous blows with the sledge-hammer of abolition truth, could ever have broken the false rest which we had taken up for ourselves on the very brink of ruin. Angelina Grimke

18. “Forced from home, and all its pleasures,Afric’s coast I left forlorn;To increase a stranger’s treasures,O’er the raging billows borne.Men from England bought and sold me,Paid my price in paltry gold;But, though theirs they have enroll’d me,Minds are never to be sold.” William Cowper

19. Slavery • 200 slave uprisings in the U.S. between 1776 and 1869 • Uprisings were one way to rebel, the other was escape, most along the…

20. Underground Railroad • Informal network of people aiding escaped slaves • Offered shelter/hiding, food, and directions to the next friendly spot • Harriet Tubman Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Cupboard with a secret compartment

21. Routes Notice all of the red in Ohio! Different escape routes of Slaves.

22. Abolitionist Movement • Abolitionist (name of someone wanting to abolish slavery) abolish = end • Mostly work of American women

23. Abolitionist Movement • Faced opposition from slave holders in the south • Attack on, “livelihood, way of life, and religion” • Economic argument • Job competition

24. The radical abolition movement had the greatest impact on women’s rights.

25. Changes in American life during the Industrial Revolution • Division between work and home

26. The demand for women suffrage emerged in the first half of the 19th century from within other reform movements. Education for women

27. Susan B. Anthony and Amelia Bloomer attended the New York Men’s State Temperance Society meeting while wearing short hair and bloomers.

28. Women in the abolition movement recognized parallels between the legal condition of slaves and that of women.

29. Participation in the Anti-Slavery movement helped women develop public-speaking and argumentative skills that carried over into the women’s rights movement. Clarina Irene Howard Nichols, Abolitionist and First Feminist of the Kansas Territory

30. Both white and black women were excluded from full membership in the American Anti-Slavery Society until 1840. Women responded by forming their own separate female auxiliaries—by 1838, over 100 existed.

31. “What if I am a woman? . . . Females [should] strive by their example, both in public and in private, to assist those who are endeavoring to stop the strong current of prejudice that flows so profusely against us at present.” Marie Stewart, 1833 Marie Stewart, early African-American abolitionist speaker

32. The Grimké sisters, nationally prominent abolitionists, connected the inequalities of women, both white and black, with slavery. Angelina and Sarah Grimké

33. “. . . We are placed very unexpectedly in a very trying situation, in the forefront of an entirely new contest—a contest for the rights of women as a moral, intelligent, and responsible being. . . . It is a woman’s right to have a voice in all the laws and regulations by which she is to be governed.” Angelina Grimké, 1838

34. 1840: The World Anti-Slavery Society denied women delegates the right to speak.

35. Elizabeth Cady Stanton attended the 1840 Anti-Slavery Convention and her experience led her into the struggle for women’s rights. "We resolved to hold a convention as soon as we returned home, and form a society to advocate the rights of women."

36. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott met in 1848 to organize a convention to promote “the social, civil, and religious rights of women.”

37. The Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Convention, 1848

38. “. . . The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her. . . . He has never permitted her to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise. He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she has no voice. . .” Elizabeth Cady Stanton, The Declaration of Sentiments The first signatures on the Declaration of Sentiments.

39. Before the Civil War, black and white men and women worked together for women’s rights and the abolition of slavery. Frederick Douglass demanded the vote for women in 1848.

40. Venn Diagram Abolition Movement Women’s Rights Movement