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Homework

Homework. Turn in first page of Icarus article (now) Read Chapter 1: 19 pages (by Tuesday) Read Chapter 13: 37 pages (by Thursday) Review Equations (pending). Possible Projects. hot topics Messenger results Spirit/Opportunity results Dawn results Cassini results

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Homework

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  1. Homework Turn in first page of Icarus article (now) Read Chapter 1: 19 pages (by Tuesday) Read Chapter 13: 37 pages (by Thursday) Review Equations (pending) Planetary Sciences

  2. Possible Projects hot topics Messenger results Spirit/Opportunity results Dawn results Cassini results outstanding objects Jovian moons edge of the Solar System (KBOs/SDOs) comet chemistry planet formation the “Nice Model” timescales in Solar System formation chaos in planetary motions life in the Solar System organisms on Mars mission to Mars humans in space observing project … INDEPENDENT AND NEW 2

  3. Nomenclature • terrestrials • Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars • many moons • jovians • gas giants • Jupiter, Saturn • ice giants • Uranus, Neptune • minor planets • asteroids • Main Belt • Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) • Trojans (and Greeks and Hildas) • Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) • Plutinos (Classical) Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) • Centaurs Scattered Disk Objects (SDOs) • comets

  4. non-trends in the Solar System surface gravities not radically different obliquities do not behave 7 large moons are worlds of their own: Moon, Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, Titan, Triton Planetary Sciences

  5. Asteroids Ceres Vesta Eros Itokawa

  6. Asteroidssemimajor axis Trojans Earth has 1 Mars has 6 + Jupiter has 5221 + Neptune has 7 + ?! Hildas Planetary Sciences

  7. Planetary Sciences

  8. Planetary Sciences

  9. Absolute Magnitude = H V magnitude if 1 AU from Earth and 1 AU from Sun while having phase angle of 0 degrees (an impossible scenario) H = 16 means diameter of 2-4 km Planetary Sciences

  10. Asteroidseccentricity Planetary Sciences

  11. Asteroidsinclination Planetary Sciences

  12. Planetary Sciences

  13. Planetary Sciences

  14. Planetary Sciences

  15. Planetary Sciences

  16. Inner S.S. 2009 ASTEROIDS green dots: “normal” m.p. red dots: < 1.3 AU periastron filled: > 1 opposition obs. blue dots: Jupiter Trojans COMETS solid blue sqr: numbered open blue sqr: others Planetary Sciences

  17. Inner S.S. 2012 ASTEROIDS green dots: “normal” m.p. red dots: < 1.3 AU periastron filled: > 1 opposition obs. blue dots: Jupiter Trojans COMETS solid blue sqr: numbered open blue sqr: others Planetary Sciences

  18. Zoom-in 2009 ASTEROIDS green dots: “normal” m.p. red dots: < 1.3 AU periastron filled: > 1 opposition obs. blue dots: Jupiter Trojans COMETS solid blue sqr: numbered open blue sqr: others Planetary Sciences

  19. Zoom-in 2012 ASTEROIDS green dots: “normal” m.p. red dots: < 1.3 AU periastron filled: > 1 opposition obs. blue dots: Jupiter Trojans COMETS solid blue sqr: numbered open blue sqr: others Planetary Sciences

  20. Outer S.S.2003 KBOs red: classical KBOs white: Plutinos magenta: scattered disk orange tri: Centaurs cyan tri: “unusual” COMETS solid blue sqr: numbered open blue squ: others Planetary Sciences

  21. Outer S.S.2009 KBOs red: classical KBOs white: Plutinos magenta: scattered disk orange tri: Centaurs cyan tri: “unusual” COMETS solid blue sqr: numbered open blue squ: others Planetary Sciences

  22. Outer S.S.2012 KBOs red: classical KBOs white: Plutinos magenta: scattered disk orange tri: Centaurs cyan tri: “unusual” COMETS solid blue sqr: numbered open blue squ: others Planetary Sciences

  23. Outer S.S.2012 Plutinos/TNOs Pluto Quaoar Ixion Varuna Orcus Centaurs/SDOs Chiron Sedna Nessus Asbolus Eris Comets 1P Halley 2P Encke Planetary Sciences

  24. TNOs/SDOs and Friends Hydra Nix Planetary Sciences

  25. The Pluto System: 2012 Hydra Nix Planetary Sciences

  26. The Outer Limits Planetary Sciences

  27. Disk: Protostellar or Debris? Planetary Sciences

  28. Fomalhaut Planet background star movie

  29. Solar System Formation I Planetary Sciences

  30. Clues to Solar System Formation • Internal Motion Clues • Internal Bodies Clues • External Clues Planetary Sciences

  31. Internal Motion Clues to S.S. Formation 1. planetary orbits are roughly circular 2. planets are isolated 3. planetary orbits are roughly coplanar 4. planetary orbits are prograde (all) 5. moons’ orbits are prograde 6. … but not all 7. planetary rotations are prograde 8. … but not all 9. cometary orbits have high a, e, i 10. many moons are tidally locked and/or in resonance PAPER TOPIC: Where is the Oort Cloud anyway? Planetary Sciences

  32. Internal Bodies Clues to S.S. Formation • Sun contains 99.9% of Solar System mass • chondritic meteorites are 4.56 ± 0.01 Gyr old (Pb isotopes) • planet types/compositions depend on location (beware Moon) • planetary atmospheres contain ice fractions dependent on temp • all planets, large moons/asteroids differentiated (were warm) • meteorites have mineralogical differences, rapid heating/cooling • rapid impact cratering widespread, past far more than today’s rate • asteroids old, size distribution implies collisional evol (0.05 Mmoon) • angular momentum resides in giant planets • TNOs and Oort comets old and unevolved • PAPER TOPIC: How does the Kuiper Belt fit into S.S. origin? Planetary Sciences

  33. External Clues to S.S. Formation 21. clouds of gas/dust observed 22. proplyds observed at very young ages --- a few million years 23. T Tauri stars observed 24. substantial disks observed at 10-100 million years 25. no disks seen (yet) past ~ 1 billion years 26. …but, planets and planetary systems now detected PAPER TOPIC: What’s the latest on disk statistics with age? Planetary Sciences

  34. Formation Scenarios • 1. CAPTURE free floaters, planet theft • 2. COLLISION passing star, Sun fragmented • 3. CONDENSATION nebular hypothesis Planetary Sciences

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