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Water, Wastewater, & Stormwater

Water, Wastewater, & Stormwater. Lecture 6. Overview. Minimizing indoor water use Innovative fixtures Rainwater harvesting Greywater systems Reclaimed water “Living Machines” Natural stormwater management Construction, operation, maintenance Landscaping to minimize water use.

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Water, Wastewater, & Stormwater

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  1. Water, Wastewater, & Stormwater Lecture 6

  2. Overview • Minimizing indoor water use • Innovative fixtures • Rainwater harvesting • Greywater systems • Reclaimed water • “Living Machines” • Natural stormwater management • Construction, operation, maintenance • Landscaping to minimize water use

  3. Water Conserving Fixtures • Incinerating • Ultra-low flow • Pressure-assisted • Composting • Waterless urinals • Double-tank

  4. Rainwater Harvesting

  5. Rainwater Harvesting • Catchment area (Roof) • Conveyance System (Gutters, downspouts) • Filtration (Roof wash, chemical) • Storage (Cistern) • Distribution (Gravity vs. pumps)

  6. Catchment Area • Evaporative & absorption Losses • Metal roofing (+-0%) • Concrete & asphalt (+-10%) • Built up tar and gravel roofing (+-15%) • Runoff • Asphalt materials • Zinc and lead • Treated wood and lead • Detritus

  7. Cisterns • Flexible/degradable • Flexible/corrosion • Durable/ maintenance • Durable/cracking • Durable/maintenance • Durable/cracking • Durable/expensive • Plastics • Steel • Masonry • Ferrocement • Stone • Monolithic concrete • Wood

  8. Gray Water

  9. Living Machine

  10. Bio-retention • Soils, woody/herbaceous plants to remove pollutants from stormwater • Filter for downstream or infiltration • Reduce stormwater conveyance reductions

  11. Bio-retention (2) • Distributed sheet flow reduces velocity • Filter runoff or direct infiltration • Excess to sub-drain or overflow • Not applicable to high water table • 5 – 7% of drainage area x RC • Size to allow infiltration within 4 days • Absorb metals, phosphoruos, hydrocarbons, particulates, suspended solids • Landscape integral to traditional design/budget

  12. Vegetated Swales

  13. Constructed Wetlands

  14. Landscaping • Xeriscape™ • Permaculture • Materials – pervious • Chemicals – non-toxic • Plants – native and adapted • Irrigation systems – time and type

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