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Physical conditions & Bowen’s Reaction Series

Physical conditions & Bowen’s Reaction Series. (An). (Fo then Fa). Mafic. (Ens then Aug & Di). (Ab). Felsic. Igneous Rocks & Bowen’s Reaction Series. Mafic. Felsic. Composition of Igneous Rocks. Heat Sources in the Earth.

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Physical conditions & Bowen’s Reaction Series

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  1. Physical conditions & Bowen’s Reaction Series (An) (Fo then Fa) Mafic (Ens then Aug & Di) (Ab) Felsic

  2. Igneous Rocks & Bowen’s Reaction Series Mafic Felsic

  3. Composition of Igneous Rocks

  4. Heat Sources in the Earth • 1.Heat from the early accretion and differentiation of the Earth • still slowly reaching surface • 2. Heat released by the radioactive breakdown of unstable nuclides

  5. Ionic charge vs. radius Preference for melt Preference for mineral phase Plot of ionic radius vs. ionic charge for trace elements of geological interest. Ionic radii are quoted for eight-fold coordination to allow for comparison between elements. From Rollinson (1993).

  6. Heat flow and geothermal gradients 10°C/km 16°/km 24°C/km

  7. Heat flow and geothermal gradients 10°C/km 16°/km 24°C/km Base of crustal root in the Sierra ~30km (=300°C), in the Basin & Range ~20km (=480°C)

  8. Estimating pressure increases ~6 kb Estimate ~3.33 kbar/km ~12 kb (1 GPa = 10 kbar) Figure 1-9. Estimated ranges of oceanic and continental steady-state geotherms to a depth of 100 km using upper and lower limits based on heat flows measured near the surface. After Sclater et al. (1980), Earth. Rev. Geophys. Space Sci., 18, 269-311.

  9. To calculate A geothermal gradient from heat flow: z T k = q k, thermal conductivity constant (medium- dependent) (q)

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