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International Benchmarking as a Tool for Regional Policy Making: Experiences and Challenges

Christoph Koellreuter Managing Director and Chief economist BAK Basel Economics www.bakbasel.com. International Benchmarking as a Tool for Regional Policy Making: Experiences and Challenges. Contents. 1. Facing globalisation challenges: Regional level particularly important

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International Benchmarking as a Tool for Regional Policy Making: Experiences and Challenges

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  1. Christoph Koellreuter Managing Director and Chief economist BAK Basel Economics www.bakbasel.com International Benchmarking as a Tool for Regional Policy Making: Experiences and Challenges

  2. Contents 1. Facing globalisation challenges: Regional level particularly important 2. International Regional Benchmarking: a necessary tool for regional policy making in an increasingly competitive world 3. An example of International Regional Benchmarking: the IBC BAK International Benchmark Club® 4. Using International Regional Benchmarking in Regional Policy Making

  3. 1. Facing globalisation challenges: Regional level particularly important • Continuous product and process innovation = the only successful way • of high wage economies to meet the challenge of low cost competitors • Innovation activity = takes place where there is a spatial concentration • of companies of the same and related industries (clusters) • High private productivity = i.e. internalisation of cluster specific externalities only if individuals and companies are based in the region • Conclusion: policies = have to focus on maintaining and / or improving innovation friendly framework conditions at the regional level • Region = economic region in the sense of an innovation, labour market or functional urban region

  4. 2. International Regional Benchmarking: what gets measured gets done! • • What is meant by benchmarking in general? = comparison / positioning in relation to a specific reference point (generally : “the best in class”) • • Why is benchmarking so important today? In a world having become so much more competitive, decision makers have to know and monitor their competitors (specialized in the same type of economic activity) • • What is quantitative international regional benchmarking? = benchmarking of economic, ecological and societal performance and policy variables as well as the relationship between the two at the level of regions • • What is expected from quantitative international regional benchmarking? • More precise knowledge about • regional strengths and weaknesses • regional opportunities and threats • quantitative impact of policies on economic growth, employment productivity, the environment and society of the region • • The ultimate hope of an international regional “benchmarker”: • WHAT GETS MEASURED GETS DONE !

  5. 3. An example of Regional Benchmarking: the IBC BAK International Benchmark Club® 1. What should be measured? 2. Quantitative assessment of the impact of policy variables on economic growth, productivity and employment: the analytical concept 3. Actual offer of BAK Basel Economics and perspectives for 2005

  6. What should be measured? • Economic performance • Gross value added • Hours worked • Employment • Output per manhour • Complemented with variables of performance of the environment and the society • ( = sustainable development). • Necessary differentiation • regions • industries • Policy variables • Determining economic growth, productivity and employment: • see analytical concept below

  7. Quantitative assessment: the impact of policy variables on economic growth (at the regional, national and industry level): the BAK analytical concept GDP / Gross Value Added Economicperfor-mance Labour productivity (Real Gross Value Addedper man hour) Labour supply (in man hours worked) GDP per capita Efficiency of factor use(total factor productivity) Investment in physical capital Investment in intangible capital Hours workedper employee External demand (differentiated by country, region or sector) Employeesas % ofresident population Human capital (share of employees with tertiary education) Knowledge capital (patents and bibliometric indicatros) ICT-Capital Control of the phenomenon of business cycles / demand Capital stocks Non-ICT-Capital Demography Process capital (start-up companies) Customer capital Exchange rate policy Fiscal policy Monetary policy Resident population Population of working age Product markets Capital markets Labour markets OECD/CATO Regulation indices (national) Education expenditure, expenditure for R+D (national, regional) Incicators of accessibility Taxation of companies and highly skilled manpower (national, regional) OECD/CATO Regulation indices (national) Source: IBC Module Determinants 2003 Policy variables Regulation of product markets Education policies. science policy, technology policy Transportation policy, infrastructure policy Tax and social policies Regulation of labour markets Regionales Benchmarking von BAK Basel Economics: Analyserahmen für nationale und regionale Volkswirtschaften sowie BranchenStand August 2003

  8. The Offer of BAK Basel Economics: Overview • Exclusive databases • Performance: more differentiated with respect to regions and regional industries as well as more up-to-date than official statistics • (Switzerland: BAK Basel Economics is the only supplier of these data, • no official source available) • Policy variables: generally in cooperation with renowned institutions • in Europe • • Exclusive information and communication platform for regions in Europe: • the annual forum of the IBC BAK International Benchmark Club® taking place • in June in Basel, Switzerland.

  9. The Offer of BAK Basel Economics: OverviewContinuation • Region specific presentations, reports and platforms, i.e. • Cologne: its economic profile and perspectives in the global market place (Cologne, November 2004) • The Zurich Benchmarking Forum (Zurich, November 2004) • Financial services as drivers of metropolitan economic growth • (London, September 2004) • Massachusetts and Basel / Switzerland: Two world class (Life) science based economies (Boston / Basel, Switzerland, September 2004) • Regional benchmarking as a tool for Scottish economic policy • (Edinborough, February 2004) • The region of Veneto facing the challenges of globalisation • (Venice, December 2003) • International competitiveness of the Austrian federal states • (Vienna, September 2003) • International competitiveness of the Lorraine Region (Metz, February 2003) • Reports on specific policy issues, i.e. • «The international accessibility of Switzerland in danger?»

  10. The Offer of BAK Basel Economics: OverviewContinuation • Research project «The impact of policy variables on economic growth • of regions» • start: autumn 2003, first major interim report: autumn 2005 • Expected results should enable us to give answers to the following questions: • i.e. What leads to more economic growth: • a billion Euro more in transportation infrastructure or a billion Euro more • for basic research? • Tax reduction for companies or tax reduction of the same size for highly qualified manpower? • Later on: • Invitation to University institutes specialized in quantitative economic research • to participate in this type of research with the support of a foundation (“Regiometrics”) still to be launched

  11. The Offer of BAK Basel Economics: OverviewContinuation • Medium to longer term quantitative scenarios of development of the regional and national growth potential • on the basis of the results of the research project “Impact of policy variables • on economic growth of regions” as of autumn 2005: • on the basis of the political status quo • on the basis of alternative sets of assumptions regarding policy variables

  12. The IBC Performance Database 350 regions in 18 EU-countries, Switzerland, Norway and United States at the NUTS 1 and 2 level; for the Extended European Alpine space (Southeast and Eastern France, Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Austria, Northern Italy and Switzerland) generally also at the NUTS 3 level 60 industries in the above mentioned 350 regions Gross value added at current, constant prices as well as industry specific purchasing power parities, employment, hours worked, output per man hour, labour cost and unit labour cost for regions in the Extended Alpine Space as a part of project MARS «Monitoring the Alpine Regions’ Sustainability» led by the Lead Partner BAK Basel Economics in the framework of the Interreg IIIB programme Alpine Space of the European Commission Regions Industries Variables of economic performance of national/ regional economies as well as the 60 industries Variables of the performance of the environment and society

  13. The IBC Policy Variables Database • Policy area «INNOVATION»: Education, science and technology policy • Indicators: • Innovation resources: • Expenditure on research and development as percent of regional GDP • Sum of scores of Shanghai Index of the research quality of the 500 best universities in the world • Part of employment with tertiary education (total and by industry) • Part of employment with secondary education (total and by industry) • Innovation processes: • Patents (total and by industry) • Bibliometric indicators (total and by research field) • Company start-ups (total and by industry) • Coverage end of 2004: 140 regions in 21 countries • Partner institutes: ISI Fraunhofer Institut, Karlsruhe • Dun & Bradstreet

  14. The IBC Policy Variables Database Continuation Policy area «TAXATION»: Fiscal and social policy Indicators: Tax burden of companies and highly qualified manpower Coverage end of 2004: 65 regions in 21 countries Partner institute:ZEW Center for European Economic Research, Mannheim Policy area «REGULATIONS»: Regulatory policies Indicators: OECD Regulation Indices for product and labour markets; backward and forward extrapolation with the CATO Indices for Economic Freedom Coverage end of 2004: 21 countries Policy area «ACCESSIBILITY»: Transport and infrastructure policy Indicators:Indicators of intercontinental and interregional (European) accessibility Coverage end of 2004: 250 regions in 21 countries Partner Institute:IVT Institute for Transport Planning and Systems of ETH Federal Polytechnical Institute, Zürich

  15. Possible extensions of the IBC Policy Variables Database • Intraregional accessibility • Regional land use regulations • Structure of government: indicators of political fragmentation and the degree of centralization / decentralization • Culture • Social capital

  16. The IBC Sectoral Databases Benchmarking of tourism Tourism specific variables of performance and determinants for 25 Alpine Holiday Regions and 20 European cities Monitoring Life Sciences Locations Life Science specific performance variables and determinants for 15 countries and 15 Life Science regions Benchmarking of investment goods industries locations Investment goods industries specific performance variables and determinants for selected regions in Western Europe, North America, Central and Eastern Europe Monitoring Financial Services Locations Still open

  17. 4. Using International Regional Benchmarking in Region Policy Making • Used by whom? • Representatives of public bodies at the national, regional, sub regional level as well as industry associations, companies and other parties interested in influencing policy decisions at the regional and national level • Last but not least: citizens of regions and countries • Used for what? • SWOT analyses • Elaboration and evaluation of regional visions and strategies • Introduction of more objectivity into the discussion of location and • competitiveness related issues • As an input into lobbying of the region at the upper level government

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