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Introduction to HTML

Introduction to HTML. Today’s Discussion. What is HTML ? What is Web Page ? Web Server Web Browser What is Internet ? Services Provided by Internet e-mail, ftp, wiki- pedia , blogs, java applets Tools used in creating Web Pages HTML coding …… using an editor. What is HTML ? .

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Introduction to HTML

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  1. Introduction to HTML

  2. Today’s Discussion • What is HTML ? • What is Web Page ? • Web Server • Web Browser • What is Internet ? • Services Provided by Internet • e-mail, ftp, wiki-pedia, blogs, java applets • Tools used in creating Web Pages • HTML coding …… using an editor

  3. What is HTML ? • Hyper Text Markup Language • Web authoring software language • Specifically created to make World Wide Web pages • The inventor of HTML - Tim Berners-Lee

  4. What is HTML ? • HTML files • Text files • Contain mark-up tags • Tags direct how page is to be displayed by browser • Can be created from a simple text editor • File extension “.htm” or “.html”

  5. What is Web Page ? • Web page : Single disk file with a single file name – composed of: • Text, Images, Animations, Hyperlinks, etc. • Home page : First page of a website • Web site: A collection of one or more web pages • Static Website • Dynamic Website

  6. What is Web Server ? • A system on the internet containing one or more web sites. • It a software which enabling Internet services. • Personal Web Server (PWS) • Internet Information Server (IIS) • Apache Server • Tomcat Server

  7. What is Web Browser ? • A client software which is used to render web pages. • Internet Explorer • Mozilla Firefox • Windows Chrome • Netscape Navigator • Mosaic

  8. Web Browser and Web Server - Client and Server • User uses HTTP client (Web Browser) • It has a URL (e.g. http://www.yahoo.com/) • Makes a request to the server • Server sends back data (the response) • User clicks on the client side... request (URL) Client response (HTML, …) Server

  9. What is Internet ? • The largest network of networks in the world

  10. What is Internet ? Continue…… • A network of networks, joining many government, university and private computers together and providing an infrastructure for the use of E-mail, bulletin boards, file archives, hypertext documents, databases and other computational resources.

  11. What is Internet ? Continue…… • The vast collection of computer networks which form and act as a single huge network for transport of data and messages across distances which can be anywhere from the same office to anywhere in the world.

  12. Services provided by Internet • Electronic Mail (e-mail) • World Wide Web • Telnet • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) • Internet Telephone • Web TV/Radio • Internet Relay Chat • News Groups

  13. Electronic Mail (e-mail) • Distributes e-mail messages and attached files to one or more electronic mailboxes. • Eg:- e-mail addresses • thomas@mes.edu.in • murugan@mesmarampally.org

  14. Electronic Mail (e-mail) Continue…… thomas @ mes . edu . in murugan @ mesmarampally . org Type of Organization Country Name of Person Organization

  15. Electronic Mail (e-mail) Continue…… • Different e-mail service providers • G-Mail • Yahoo Mail • Hot Mail

  16. WIKIPEDIA • A wiki is a publishing platform on which many people can contribute new content and revise existing content. • The content benefits from the collective knowledge of the contributors, so wikis can be very beneficial for group projects. • Some businesses and organizations use wikis to maintain documents.

  17. Blog • An online diary for expressing our thoughts and passion. • Also called Weblogs • Blogging – The activity of creating blog. • Client (Browser) defines the appearance • Font preferences, window width, … • Pours into Browser (PDAs, Bigger/Smaller)

  18. HTML Characteristics • Just a Text File! + Portable + Human Readable/Writable • HTML Defines the Structure (not Appearance) of the Document • Client (Browser) defines the appearance • Font preferences, window width, …

  19. HTML Characteristics Continue…… • HTML is a set of instructions – called Elements. • These elements are grouped into sections: • HEAD elements section • Only elements that are allowed in the HEAD section of the document. • BODY elements section • Only elements that are allowed in the BODY section of the document.

  20. Naming Convention • All elements are enclosed in < > brackets. • Most elements require a start tag and end tag. • Eg:- <title>My First Web Page</title> • The end tag has a forward slash (/). • Elements names are not case sensitive.

  21. Document Structure <html> <head><title>My First Web Page</title> </head> <body bgcolor="white"> <p>A Paragraph of Text.</p> </body> </html>

  22. <html>...</html> <head>...</head> <title>...</title> other stuff <p>...</p> <br> <table>...</table> This is some text! Nested Tags • Like a tree, each element is contained inside a parent element • Each element may have any number of attributes <body bgcolor="white” >...</body>

  23. Basic Tags <html> <head><title>My First Web Page</title> </head> <body bgcolor="white"> <p>A Paragraph of Text.</p> </body> </html>

  24. HTML Elements • <HTML> Elements • It encloses the entire HTML document. • Starting tag <HTML> • Ending tag </HTML> • <HEAD> • It encloses the head section of the document. • Starting tag <HEAD> • Ending tag </HEAD>

  25. HTML Elements • <TITLE> Elements • Found only in head section. • Denotes the title of the document. • Starting tag <TITLE> • Ending tag </TITLE> • <BODY> • It encloses the body section of the document. • Starting tag <BODY> • Ending tag </BODY>

  26. HTML Elements • <H1> Elements • Denotes the first level headline of an HTML document. • Starting tag <H1> • Ending tag </H1> • <B> • To make characters bold. • Starting tag <B> • Ending tag </B>

  27. HTML Elements • <P> Elements • For start of a new paragraph. • <A> • To add hyper link to the document. • <A HREF=“http://www.lsp4you.com”> Tutorials </A>

  28. Basic Tags • <hr> horizontal rule • <br> new line • <b>...</b> bold • <i>...</i> italicize text in between

  29. Unordered Lists <ul> <li> Apples <li> Oranges </ul> Ordered Lists <ol> <li> One <li> Two </ol> Can be nested Apples Fuji Granny Smith Oranges Lists

  30. Image Files • <imgsrc="URL of image file">

  31. Tables • <table>...</table> • <tr>...</tr> for each row • <td>...</td> for each element in a row • <th>…</th> for header row

  32. Table Example <table border="1"> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td>row 2, cell 2</td> </tr> </table>

  33. Comments • <!-- This is a comment --> • <!-- This paragraph, is also a comment... -->

  34. Special HTML • &lt; → < • &gt; → > • &amp; → & • &nbsp; → space

  35. Anchor Tag (Links) Absolute HREFs specify fully qualified URLs. • <a href="http://www.yahoo.com/">Yahoo!</a> • <a href="reldoc.html">In this directory!</a> • <a href="a/doc.html">In sub-directory a!</a> Relative HREFs are relative to the directory containing the current HTML file.

  36. What is the WWW? • A hypertext system that runs on top of the Internet, based on Three Main Standards • URL • HTTP • HTML

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