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Covalent Bonding

Learn about covalent bonding, the sharing of electrons between atoms. Explore different types of covalent bonds and how to name covalent compounds, including diatomic molecules, binary molecular compounds, acids, and hydrocarbons.

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Covalent Bonding

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  1. Covalent Bonding Sharing is caring

  2. Types of Bonds Review Transfer Electrons Unit Cell Ionic Molecule Covalent Metallic Share Electrons Delocalized Electrons (sea of e-)

  3. Electronegativity and bond types • Another way to usually tell whether a bond is ionic or covalent is with electronegativities • Electronegativity (Page 194)– the tendency of an atom to gain electrons in a chemical bond. • If the difference between the electronegativities is large, the bond tends to be ionic. If it is small, it tends to be covalent. • Compounds can have both, but usually show one type more than the other chemically, usually ionic).

  4. Naming Covalent Compound

  5. Types of Covalent Compounds • Diatomic molecules (twins): ________________________________ ________________________________ • NEVER FOUND AS SINGLE ATOMS if “alone” • Their names are just the name of the element H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 There are seven diatomic molecules

  6. Binary Molecular Compounds Non-metals with no H+ ___________________________(no metals or ions) i.e. Does not start with an H. • Steps to name compounds • _________ _________ - use entire name • _________ _________ - change ending to –ide • Prefixes used to indicate _________ of atoms of each p. 832 • Only time that no prefix is used is if the first is a one • Examples: CCl4 – As2O3 – Name first Name second number carbon tetra chloride di arsenic tri oxide

  7. The Prefixes Mono- monocle Di- Dialogue Tri- tricycle Tetra- Tetris Octa- octopus Penta- pentagon

  8. Acids • Always begin with ______ • Two Types: _________ and ___________ H+ binary oxyacid Remember: The number of hydrogen atoms in the acid equals the charge of the anion

  9. Binary Acids H+ O • Binary Acids - ______ but no _______ • Steps to name compounds • Use prefix - _________ • Root of second element plus suffix - _________ followed by the word acid • Example: HCl - hydro -ic hydro chloric acid

  10. Oxyacids O polyatomic ion • – has a ________________, so most have ___ Steps to name compounds • Identify polyatomic ion p. 178 • Use root of anion, change suffix ending and word acid • Suffix rules: ends in ate  change to _________ • ends in ite  change to _________ Example: HNO3 - -ic -ous nitric acid

  11. Hydrocarbons • a compound containing carbon and hydrogen • Named using prefixes that correspond to the number of carbons in the compound. • 1 – meth • 2 – eth • 3 – prop • 4 – but • After this it used the “normal” prefixes

  12. Hydrocarbons • Ending refers to the type of functional group found in the compound. • -ane – alkane - simplest hydrocarbon - only has single bonded carbons with hydrogens (2(Carbon atoms)+2). • -ene – alkene - has a double bonded carbon in the formula • -yne – alkyne - has a triple bonded carbon in the formula

  13. More functional groups

  14. Practice Phosphorous pentachloride Binary Molecular Hydroiodic acid Binary Acid Nitrogen Diatomic Hydrocarbon ethane Oxyacid Phosphic acid Chlorous acid Oxyacid Dinitrogen tetrahydride Binary Molecular

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