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Sex, Gender, and Culture: Women and War. Describe the various roles women have in times of conflict or war. Identify how war or conflict impact women relative to men. Describe examples to illustrate women’s roles in conflict and war.
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Describe the various roles women have in times of conflict or war. Identify how war or conflict impact women relative to men. Describe examples to illustrate women’s roles in conflict and war. Identify and analyze the hypotheses for women’s involvement in conflict and war. In particular, identify the hypotheses on female suicide bombers. Learning Objectives
The Many Roles of Women (1) ________________ • active duty personnel • high numbers in revolutionary movements worldwide • female suicide bombers becoming more common
The Many Roles of Women (2) ______________ • shelter, hide, feed or protect combatants • run messages to troops in hiding • collect or carry supplies
The Many Roles of Women (3) ______________ • often at forefront of peace activism • involved in grass-roots programs
The Many Roles of Women (4) _______________ • abuse of women affects whole community • ‘Inclusive wars’
Does war impact women differently? • ____________ ___________may be one of hardest consequences for women • 1. • 2.
Does war impact women differently? • __________ as a tool of war • Fear • Dominance • Shame • Pregnancy • Infection with STDs
The Sandinista Revolution: 1962-1990 Revolution in response to right-wing Somoza family, who ruled for about 40 years Overthrew government in 1979 and ruled the country for until 1990 with an “applied” Marxist government
The Sandinista Revolution: 1962-1990 • unprecedented involvement of women • ______________________ • organizers and persuaders • even _______________
Female combatants/ bombers • Women are becoming more active in the current war • Huge increase in the last 10 years of women bombers/ terrorists • Chechnya’s “Black Widows”
Data on Black Widows (2000-2005) SpeckhardA, Akhmedova K. 2006. Black Widows: The Chechen Female Suicide Terrorists. In Schweitzer Y (editor). Female suicide terrorists. Tel Aviv: Jaffe Center Publication. P 63-80.
“Revenge for the death of a close family member is most often cited as the key factor for women’s involvement,” (Bloom, 2011, p. 11) • DjennetAbdurakhmanova – vengeance of her husband who was killed by Russian in Dec 2009 • She committed her attack in ________________ • Bloom (2001) argues, __________________________ Why Participate?Review of Recent Research & Events Bloom M. 2011. Bombshells: Women and Terror. Gender Issues 28: 1-21.
Why Participate?Review of Recent Research & Events “Djennet’s radicalization and involvement…clearly predates Umalat’s targeted assassination,” (Bloom, 2011, p11) Bloom M. 2011. Bombshells: Women and Terror. Gender Issues 28: 1-21.
Who are the “White Stockings”? • What does the author suggest is the reason for the “myth” of the “White Stockings”? • How are Chechen women joining the resistance? Healing’s Article