Topics:

1. 640-649- Describe the culture of the “Jazz Age”. - Interpret several political cartoons from the 1920s. 640-649 - Describe the culture of the “Jazz Age”. - Interpret several political cartoons from the 1920s.

2. Topics: • Create a graphic organizer (branching diagram, chart, timeline, or outline) for your assigned section. Be prepared to present the information to the class. • (1. Advertising and the Consumer Society) Model • 2. Leisure and Entertainment • 3. The New Moralityand The Searching Twenties • 4. Nativism and Immigration • 5. Ku Klux Klan • 6. Prohibition and Crime • 7. Old Time Religion • 8. A New Era in the World

3. Advertising and the Consumer Society • Manufacturers developed “mass merchandising” techniques to encourage more people to buy new products. • Advertisers would ridicule “old” products as obsolete and changed or improved their product in some way to demonstrate this. • Also attempted to create “name brand” recognition on a nation-wide basis so consumers would purchase one brand of product in a single market. • The consumer market was driven primarily by products for the home targeted housewives as the primary purchaser of these goods for the family. • Household appliances such as washing machines, vacuum cleaners, toasters, packaged foods.

4. So, People ar NOT saving as much as beofre!! • Advertising and the Consumer Society in the 1920s • The number of “white collar” jobs increased which meant people had more disposable income to spend on goods. • For example, women clerical workers were the fastest growing group, which can be seen in the increase in sales of clothing and cosmetics. • Due to the emphasis on advertising, consumer credit (debt) grew and people began buying on the “Installment Plan” • For example by 1928, 85% of all furniture; 80% of radios; 75% of washing machines were bought on the installment plan!

5. Topics: • Create a graphic organizer (branching diagram, chart, timeline, or outline) for your assigned section. Be prepared to present the information to the class. • (1. Advertising and the Consumer Society) Model • 2. Leisure and Entertainment • 3. The New Moralityand The Searching Twenties • 4. Nativism and Immigration • 5. Ku Klux Klan • 6. Prohibition and Crime • 7. Old Time Religion • 8. A New Era in the World

6. Leisure and Entertainment • Americans spent more on recreation during • the 1920s • Motion picture industry • Movies attracted millions and set national • trends in dress, language, behavior. • Cecil B. De Mille – “The Ten • Commandments”, “King of Kings”. • Radio • Created a national pop culture and society • NBC was first radio network in 1926.. • Music and the phonograph • Jazz became the new popular music which had strong rhythm ,had a less formal style and was derived from African-American traditions.

7. 2. Entertainment – The Jazz Age • "The Charleston" -James P. Johnson • “The Savoy Blues” – Louis Armstrong • “Blue Skies” – Josephine Baker • “St. Louis Blues” – Bessie Smith

8. Leisure and Entertainment • Americans spent more on recreation during the 1920s • Radio • Created a national pop culture and society • NBC was first radio network in 1926.. • Music and the phonograph • Jazz became the new popular music which had strong rhythm, had a less formal style and was derived from African-American traditions. • Professional Sports • Baseball legend Babe Ruth of the New York Yankees drew huge crowds to baseball parks, grew commercialized. • Celebrities • Aviator Charles Lindbergh fascinated the world with the first trans-continental flight from New York to Paris in 1927.

9. 3. The New Morality and Searching Twenties • Traditional self-restraint gave way to the desire • for self-gratification due to World War I • sacrifices. • Movie stars like Clara Bow “The It Girl” • and Rudolph Valentino flaunted sexuality • in movies. • Flappers were young, single women who • cut their hair in short, high hemlines, • smoked, dances and drank. • Margaret Sanger distributed information • about birth control to women in 1920s. • Leisure Time

10. 3. The New Morality and Searching Twenties • The Lost Generation – writers of the decade rejected the materialism, consumerism of the decade and felt a disillusionment with society due to the Great War. • F. Scott Fitzgerald “The Great Gatsby” • Earnest Hemingway “A Farewell to Arms” • Sinclair Lewis “Babbitt” • Gertrude Stein coined the term.

11. 4. Nativism and Immigration • Renewed immigration after the war prompted a call for further restrictions on immigration • Emergency Quota Act of 1921 • National Origins Act of 1924 • 1922 Supreme Court ruled Japanese immigrants could not become naturalized citizens, raising question if native born Japanese “Nisei” might gain citizenship • As a U.S. territory, however, the Philippines were not subject to these laws, so Filipino immigration increased 9-fold in 1920s. • Sacco and Vanzetti Trial

12. 5. Ku Klux Klan revived • Became a national organization which claimed • millions of members, no longer just in the South. • By the end of the 1920s it claimed a • membership of 4-5 million nationwide. • Membership restricted to only white Protestants, it was based on nativist fear that traditional American culture was in danger. • As the KKK expanded it began to attack not only African-Americans, but also Catholics and Jews. • As the KKK became more radical, it’s support turned to backlash in 1922 after the Trinity River incident (Dallas) where 68 people were flogged (beaten). • By 1930, the Klan had nearly collapsed.

13. 6. Prohibition • 18th Amendment 1920 prohibited sale, manufacturing and trans- portationof alcohol in the U.S. • Volstead Act established the Prohibition Bureau • Evading the law was easy due to loopholes allowing alcohol for medicinal and sacramental purposes • Bootleggers like Al Capone sup- ported Speakeasies and “Bath-tub Gin” was made in cities and “Moon- shine” in rural areas. • 21st Amendment 1933 repealed the • “Noble Experiment”. • Agents Izzy and Moe Prohibition Bureau Agents

14. 7. Old Time Religion • Fundamentalist Protestants supported a strict, literal, traditional interpretation of the Bible as opposed to the scientific explanation of human creation. • Strongest in the South, states began to pass laws to prevent teaching evolution in public schools, as Tennessee did in 1925. • The Scope’s Trial • ACLU tested the constitutionality of the law and supported teacher John Scopes who violated Tennessee’s law. • Clarence Darrow (ACLU) defended Scopes and William Jennings Bryan prosectuted the case. • Scopes was found guilty, however, fundamentalists suffered ridicule from the press, calling them “backward”.

15. 8. A New Era in the World • U.S. became a creditor nation and a world economic power, however, many nations began practicing “Protectionism”. • Multi-National Corporations formed and established branches in foreign countries: • Ford built plants in England, Japan, Turkey, Canada • American oil companies invested in oil fields in Latin America. • United Fruit Company expanded operations in Central America. • Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover’s Bureau of Foreign Commerce helped expand business abroad. • Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes negotiated access to Iraqi oil fields for US oil companies. • U.S. promoted the rejection of war • President Harding called the Washington Naval Conference in 1921 to reduce battleship tonnage and suspend building new naval ships for a decade.

16. 8. A New Era in the World • U.S. promoted the rejection of war • President Harding called the Washington Naval Conference in 1921 to reduce battleship tonnage and suspend building new naval ships for a decade. • In 1928 Senate passed the Kellogg-Briand Pact signed by 64 nations renouncing war. • U.S. continued to dominate Latin America • Clark Memorandum announced the Good Neighbor Policy to replace the Roosevelt Corollary to improve relations. • The Election of 1928

17. Election of 1928

18. October 29, 1929 “Black Tuesday”

19. Causes of the Great Depression ? • Stock market speculation instead of saving money. • Easy credit, too many consumers in debt so there’s little • disposable income to spend. • Agricultural overproduction cause crop prices to fall, making it difficult for farmers to repay debts. • Weak industries (“sick industries”). • Overproduction and underconsumption of goods. • Unequal distribution of wealth.

20. Political Cartoons: Study the cartoon and write a brief analysis including: 1. Interpretation of the meaning 2. Examples of symbolism Components: Title, date, location. Background knowledge. Symbolism and caricatures. Explain cartoons: