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Kinesiology Laboratory 3:

Kinesiology Laboratory 3:. Mechanical Considerations during Qualitative Analysis of Movement. Today’s Activities. Presentations Lever Class Review Activity Analysis Push up Bench press PNF Techniques. Presentations. Take good notes, especially for those you are unsure of

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Kinesiology Laboratory 3:

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  1. Kinesiology Laboratory 3: Mechanical Considerations during Qualitative Analysis of Movement

  2. Today’s Activities • Presentations • Lever Class Review • Activity Analysis • Push up • Bench press • PNF Techniques

  3. Presentations • Take good notes, especially for those you are unsure of • These activities will be on the Midterm Practical!

  4. How our bodies produce movement • Movement occurs around joints • Flex, abduct, upwardly rotate, etc. • Movement also occurs on a single plane, about a single axis • Ex. Frontal • These movements are caused by muscle contractions • Concentric/Eccentric/Isometric • These movements can occur against a resistance • Gravity, body weight, resistive equipment

  5. Lever Classes *Load=Resistance *Fulcrum= Pivot Point= Axis A R E xis esistance ffort

  6. 1st Class Lever • Seesaw • Where the axis is determines the mechanical advantage • Axis close to effort results in greater speed and ROM • Axis close to resistance results in greater force production • Elbow Extension • Effort= Olecranon Process (Insertion of Triceps) • Axis= Elbow Joint • Resistance= Forearm [+/- additional weight]

  7. 2nd Class Lever • Wheelbarrow • Produces largest force production but has less ROM • Very few examples exist in the body • Plantar Flexion • Effort= Calcaneous through Achilles tendon (insertion of calf muscles) • Resistance= Whole body (+/- added weight) • Axis= Ankle Joint

  8. 3rd Class Lever • Tongs • Elbow Flexion • Axis= Elbow Joint • Effort= Insertion of Biceps Brachii • Resistance= Forearm (+/- added weight) • This lever has the advantage of higher speed and greater ROM • Most common lever in the human body

  9. Activity Analysis: Push Up/Bench Press • Chart breaking down the movement by joint FOR BOTH PHASES • Osteokinematic motion (Flex, adduct, etc.) • Muscle Functional Group (i.e. Wrist Flexors) • Agonist & Synergists • Contraction Type • Planes and axes • Effects of gravity (Resisting, Assisting, No effect) • Diagram of movement (up phase/down phase) • Use arrows for gravities effect • Diagram of a single joint • Identify muscle group and Contraction Type • Identify the type of lever • Label the Axis, Effort and Resistance

  10. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Stretching • Techniques to Increase ROM at a tight muscle • Commonly used on Hamstrings • Why is hamstring flexibility a problem in modern society? • Two principles • Golgi-Tendon Organ (GTO) Firing • Reciprocal Inhibition

  11. Golgi Tendon Organs • The GTO are receptors of the tendons of skeletal muscle • They detect changes in tension along the muscle fibers • They relay this information to the spinal cord and brain • When muscle tension is too great, the GTO send inhibitory impulses, causing the muscle to relax (stop contracting)

  12. Reciprocal Inhibition • Impulses that cause an antagonist muscle to relax (decrease tension) in order for agonist muscle to contract • Occurs on opposite “sides” of joint in sequence • “Pulled Hamstring” occurs when reciprocal inhibition backfires and quads and hams are contracted at the same time

  13. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Stretching • Hold- Relax • Contract-Relax • Agonist Contraction • Hold-Relax with Agonist Contraction • These techniques are often combined clinically

  14. Hold-Relax • Flex subjects hip to end of ROM • Take measurement with Goniometer • Have subject isometrically contract hamstrings (antagonist to hip flexion) for 6 seconds • Use verbal cues, “Push against my hands”, etc. • Tell subject to relax hamstring • Flex subjects hip further and hold for 10-30 seconds • Take second Goniometer measurement

  15. Contract-Relax • Flex subjects hip to end of ROM • Take measurement with Goniometer • Have subject isometrically contract hamstrings (antagonist to hip flexion) for 6 seconds • Use verbal cues, “Push against my hands”, etc. • Tell subject to relax hamstring • Have subject concentrically contract quadriceps to flex hip and hold for 10-30 seconds • Take second Goniometer measurement

  16. Agonist Contraction • Have subject concentrically contract quadriceps to flex hipto end of ROM • Take measurement with Goniometer • Have subject isometrically contract hamstrings (antagonist to hip flexion) for 6 seconds • Use verbal cues, “Push against my hands”, etc. • Tell subject to relax hamstring • Have subject concentrically contract quadriceps to flex hip and hold for 10-30 seconds • Take second Goniometer measurement

  17. Hold-Relax with Agonist Contraction • Have subject concentrically contract quadriceps to flex hip to end of ROM • Take measurement with Goniometer • Have subject isometrically contract hamstrings (antagonist to hip flexion) for 6 seconds • Use verbal cues, “Push against my hands”, etc. • Tell subject to relax hamstring • Flex subjects hip further and hold for 10-30 seconds • Take second Goniometer measurement

  18. For Next Week • Lab Report 3 • Readings: H&K: Ch5 cont’d. ,TG: 149-166

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