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1. Chapter 8 & 11 18th- and 19th-century Prose and Novelists From An Outline of English Literature by Thornley and Roberts
2. Daniel Defoe No more strange plots and ideas of heroic tragedy
Turned to reasonable things (p.81)
Robinson Crusoe (1719)—stories of adventure, almost a novel.
Based on a real event, Alexadner Selkirk lived alone on the island of Juan Fernandez near Chile
Moll Flanders (1722)
4. Jonathan Swift A bitter satirist (p.81)
A Modest Proposal (1729)
Contains the suggestion that the poor should sell their children to the rich for food
A kind of satire that accepts the evils of the world and show their results
5. Jonathan Swift Gulliver’s Travels (1726)—(p. 82)
Written in four books, usually read the first two
Gulliver’s voyage to Lilliput (where the people are six inches high) and Brobdingnag (where they are giants)
The Lilliputians fight wars which seem foolish
King of Brobdingnang thinks the people in Gulliver’s country must be the most hateful race of creature on the earth
6. Gulliver’s Travels
7. Pamela - The First English Novel The English novel proper was born about the middle of the 18th century (1740).
Pamela by Samuel Richardson (p.85)
Written in the form of letters
Different from stories of adventure; examines the human heart and shows the effects of human character
The feelings of an English girl, Pamela
Good girl receives the rewards of virtue
8. Pamela, 1941 Edition See:http://www.umich.edu/~ece/student_projects/pamela_illustrated/main.set.editions.htm
9. Pamela (1741) The illustrations for this edition jump right into the action, with Mr. B lurking behind a wall as Pamela cries. Mr. B's intrusion into Pamela's inner life is a major issue in the novel, as he continually eavesdrops on her conversations and reads her private correspondence. This scene shows him spying on Pamela in her grief.
10. Pamela (1741) Here, Mrs. Jervis brings Pamela, wearing her simple country outfit (rather than the finery given to her by her old mistress), to see Mr. B. He is, of course, awed by her beauty. The class difference between them that the dress makes obvious, and that gives Mr. B enormous power over Pamela, might also be part of the appeal. Also, notice the way Pamela is represented on the frontis piece. Although she is proud of her humble background, she is presented as mature and dressed as an upper-class matron.
11. Pamela (1741) Believing she is to be returned to her parents' house, Pamela departs in a carriage. However, while carriage rides may have conferred status at the time, this ride proves to be anything but pleasant, as Pamela is kidnapped.
12. Pamela (1471) In despair over her imprisonment and what seems to be the imminent loss of her virtue, Pamela considers suicide. While she does not go through with it, her dress is found in the lake. When it is found but Pamela is not, the other servants show great concern.
13. Pamela (1471) Not deterred by her anguish, Mr. B continues his plan to seduce Pamela. This time, he hides not-so-subtly in her bedroom and watches her undress, as he sits in a chair in the corner with a sheet over his head.
14. Pamela (1471) The illustrations now skip ahead, past Pamela's coming to an understanding with Mr. B and her returning to his home to continue working as his servant, to her father’s surprise arrival. In her rush to greet her father, Pamela overturns a card table, but the faux pas is not held against her by those present, who are touched by the emotional scene.
15. Pamela (1471) Now fully reconciled, and with the blessing of her parents, Pamela and Mr. B are married. It is a small affair, and Pamela's family is not in attendance. We have to wonder if the woman by the door is looking at the couple with awe, hoping that she will one day marry a man as well-off as Mr. B, or with disdain, at the spectacle of a cross-class union.
16. Pamela (1471) Rather than being welcomed into the family by her sister-in-law, Pamela is ill-treated by Lady Davers, who does not approve of the couple. Tired of the abuse, Pamela conspires, with the help of her now-friend Mrs. Jewkes, to climb out of the window. This scene of Pamela's resourcefulness and bravery seems to be a favorite of illustrators, appearing in several of the editions we've looked at.
17. Pamela (1471) As a newly accepted member of the upper class, Pamela enjoys tea with Sir Simon, his wife, and her doting husband. Once a servant herself, now she is waited on, by the woman pouring tea in the corner.
18. Pamela (1471) In a illustration different in both style and layout from the others, the final engraving of the edition shows Pamela and Mr. B stopping on a stroll to enjoy nature's beauty. Continuing in the role of instructor that he takes up even more fully after their marriage, Mr. B appears to be showing Pamela something she otherwise would not have noticed.
19. Samuel Richardson Clarissa Harlowe (1847-8)
Clarissa, a beautiful girl, is forced to marry someone against her will (p.86)
Driven to a state of despair and dies an early death
20. Henry Fielding Shamela (1741)—a kind of satire on Pamela (p.86)
Joseph Andrews (1742)
Tom Jones (1749)
Appeared in 18 book
A boy’s adventures in London
21. Laurence Sterne Tristam Shandy (1760-7)
Half of the book is about what happens before the hero is born (p.87)
Sterne leaves the story whenever he likes to give opinions and write essays on any subject
Adds blank pages and rows of stars to confuse his readers
Still can draw clear characters
22. 19th-Century Novelists Jane Austen (p.115)
Draw calm pictures of society life
Understood the importance of the family in human affairs, brought the novel of family life to its highest point of perfection
Paid little attention to the violence of nations
23. Jane Austen Elinor and Marianne (1795)
Sense and Sensibility (1811)
Pride and Prejudice (1813)
Mansfield Park (1814)
Emma (1816)
Northanger Abbey (1818)
Persuasion (1818)
“It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife” – from Pride and Prejudice
24. Mary Shelley Frankestein (1818)
A satire, a ghost story
The first attempt at science fiction
25. Frankenstein Mary Shelley's 1818 novel about Victor Frankenstein's creation of a "monster" encourages discussion of issues from the dangers of obsession with the abstractions of science to the Romantic temperament (written, as it was, in the company of Byron and Shelley, whose poetry, along with that of Wordsworth and Coleridge, is scattered throughout the text). The novel works best, perhaps, as a study of parental responsibility, as the creature faces isolation in a world where it is the ultimate "Other" and where its creator denies it either affection or compassion. The text also brings up gender issues through Victor's relationship with his cousin Elizabeth and the character of Safie, through whom the creature indirectly learns about language, culture. and love. The original film Frankenstein(1931) offers a nice counterpoint, as it focuses almost solely on Victor's obsessiveness and the creature's destructiveness.
26. Charles Dickens One of the greatest English novelist (p.120)
Historical Novel: Barnaby Rudge (1841) and A Tale of Two Cities (1849)
A story of the French Revolution and events in London
Written partly with the purpose of improving social conditions
27. Charles Dickens Oliver Twist (1837-8)
A poor boy’s cruel treatment and miserable adventures (p.120)
Vivid descriptions of hunger, stealing, murder and hanging
A Christmas Carol (1843) – a story of a bad character who improves his behavior after a ghost tells him the manner of his death (p.121)
David Copperfield (1849-50) – a story based on Dickens’s own life, the most popular of his novels (p.122)
28. Charles Dickens His prose varies in quality, but always readable. (p.122)
Describes and attacks many kinds of unpleasant people and places
Many of his scenes are terribly unpleasant, but he usually keeps the worst descriptions out of his books.
Wanted to raise kindness and goodness in men’s hearts, and he used tears and laughter to reach his aim
29. By Charles Dickens 1935 DavidCopperfield
30. William Makepeace Thackeray Studied and described the nobility instead of the poor (p.123)
Vanity Fair (1847-8)
His most famous book
The title of the novel comes from Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress.
Describes the adventures of two girls of different sort: Rebecca and Amelia Sedley
Gives a good picture of English society in the eighteen century
31. William Makepeace Thackeray Not a romantic, wrote as an educated man (p.124)
produced his characters for the purpose of expressing violent feelings
Describe dstrange qualities in human beings
Showed life’s cruelties and people’s weakness
Only conscious of the importance of noble rank and good family
32. Charlotte Brontë Brought up in poor surroundings (p.124)
Jane Eyre (1847)
Heroine neither beautiful nor rich (p.124)
An honest description of strong feelings
Realistic dialogue and less formal
33. Emily Brontë Wuthering Heights (1847)
Show immense and uncontrollable passions (p.125)
About love and revenge
34. George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) Adam Bede (1859)
Romola (1863) – a historical novel
Middlemarch (1871-2)– set in a provincial town where Dorothea Brooke, a girl of noble qualities, marries old Mr. Casaubon; but the marriage is a failure. (p.126)
35. Adam Bede Adam Bede is a hard-working
carpenter, with his heart set on marrying his sweetheart - pretty dairymaid Hetty Sorrel. Unfortunately Hetty's affections are captured by the handsome local squire Arthur Donnithorne and they start a secret affair. When Adam discovers Hetty's infidelity he taunts Arthur into a vicious fight, in the wake of which Arthur exiles himself to London.
Hetty subsequently discovers she is pregnant and, rather than go through with her marriage to Adam she sets off alone in the depths of winter to pursue her former lover.
36. Oscar Wilde The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891) -- The novel tells of a young man named Dorian Gray, the subject of a painting by artist Basil Hallward. Dorian is selected for his remarkable physical beauty, and Basil becomes strongly infatuated with Dorian, believing that his beauty is responsible for a new mode of art. Talking in Basil's garden, Dorian meets Lord Henry Wotton, a friend of Basil's, and becomes enthralled by Lord Henry's world view. Espousing a new kind of hedonism, Lord Henry suggests that the only thing worth pursuing in life is beauty, and the fulfillment of the senses. Realising that one day his beauty will fade, Dorian cries out, wishing that the portrait Basil has painted of him would age rather than himself. Dorian's wish is fulfilled, subsequently plunging him into a sequence of debauched acts. The portrait serves as a reminder of the effect each act has upon his soul, each sin being displayed as a new sign of aging on the portrait. (from Wikipedia)
37. Thomas Hardy Nature plays an important part in his novels (p.131)
Set in Wessex (the county of Dorset)
The past has built up a mass of conditions which remain to influence people’s lives
Blind chance has a very important effect
The best way of life: accept the blows of fate
Novels: human beings struggle against fate or chance
38. Thomas Hardy The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886)
Tess of the D’Urbervilles (1891)
