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Linux/390

Linux/390. A tale of two Ports. (C) Neale Ferguson - CAI, published under the terms of GPL. Agenda. Introduction to S/390 VM & Open Source i370-ibm-linux s390-ibm-linux I/O layer & Virtualization Applications MVL - Virtual Penguin Power. Linux/390. Background. Introduction to S/390.

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Linux/390

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  1. Linux/390 A tale of two Ports (C) Neale Ferguson - CAI, published under the terms of GPL.

  2. Agenda • Introduction to S/390 • VM & Open Source • i370-ibm-linux • s390-ibm-linux • I/O layer & Virtualization • Applications • MVL - Virtual Penguin Power

  3. Linux/390 Background

  4. Introduction to S/390 • Descendent of S/360 • Upwardly compatible architecture • EBCDIC character set • Big endian • 16 GPR, 4/16 FPR, 16 CR • 2 tier paging schema • Multiple address spaces

  5. Introduction to S/390 • Huge range of processors supported: • Cards that fit in a lap top • Desktop and tower models • 16-way SMP configurations • Emulators for your PC • Hercules • Flex-ES

  6. Introduction to S/390 • Initially, batch oriented O/S • PCP, TOS, DOS & OS/360 • OS/MFT OS/MVT • OS/VS1, OS/VS2 • MVS, DOS/VS • OS/390, VSE/ESA

  7. Introduction to S/390 • Time-share & Hypervisors • CP-40, CP-67, VM/370, VM/SP, VM/ESA • Virtualize a real machine • Padded cell for multiple users • “Guest” operating systems • Even run VM under VM

  8. Previous UNIX Attempts • True ASCII with major APIs • AIX/370 (defunct) • AIX/ESA (defunct) • UTS (alive and kicking) • OSIRIS • $$$$

  9. VM & Open Source • VM/370 totally source maintained with significant user input • VM/SP owned by IBM but source available • VM/ESA most source but OCO and OCM pieces • IBM now have “rediscovered” Open Source

  10. Linux/390 Two Ports in a Storm

  11. i370-ibm-linux • Started by Linas Vepstas • Developed port of GCC & GLIBC based on work of David Pitts • Basic kernel • I joined in mid 1999 • Developed architecture • Memory management • Process • I/O fundamentals

  12. i370-ibm-linux • Developed under VM and Hercules • Trace facilities of VM indispensable • The LINUX-VM listserver was set up to allow the world to contribute • We were aware of rumors and some facts about an internal IBM project porting Linux to S/390 as well

  13. s390-ibm-linux • Skunk-work project within IBM • Kernel running by May 1999 • Activity kept secret • Constant rumours • Published mods on December 18 • Now actively working with community • Rolling mods into 2.3.x

  14. s390-ibm-linux • ASCII • IEEE floating point • Runs: • Bare iron • In an LPAR • In a virtual machine

  15. Linux/390 I/O Layer

  16. I/O Layer • S/390 I/O is “channelized” • Work performed by channels • Device eccentricities hidden from O/S • Single mechanism of talking to devices • DMA • Interrupt-based

  17. I/O Layer • New layer of abstraction • IRQ structure used • New major devices: • /dev/ddxn- S/390 DASD (ECKD) • /dev/mndx - VM minidisks • /dev/ctcx - CTCA & LAN • /dev/iucv - Network (LAN) device • Dumb tty and hardware console

  18. Linux/390 Address Spaces

  19. Intel Address Spaces

  20. S/390 Address Spaces

  21. S/390 Address Spaces • Kernel runs in Primary Space mode • User programs run in Home Space mode • Copy to/from user just a MVC(L/E) in Access Register mode with AR set for kernel/user address spaces • Compare this to some of the other elaborate schemes used

  22. Linux/390 Applications

  23. Applications • Kernel, tools and file systems were available from Marist College • “Porting” of packages commenced • Porting generally consists of an update to config.sub/guess to recognize s390-ibm-linux

  24. THE 3.0 Regina 0.08h OpenSSL linuxconf 1.17r2 wxxt-1.67 Postgresql-6.5.3 Apache 1.3.9 Samba 2.0.6 sendmail 8.9.3 bind 8.2.2-p5 sshd 1.2.27 hercules 1.46 BOCHS Big Brother 1.3a Lynx 2.8.2 Emacs 20.5a Applications

  25. ncFTP 3.0b21 PGP 5.0i cron 3.0.1 PHP 3.0.14 ytalk 3.1.1 perl 5.005_3 ltxml 1.1 GIMP mySQL (in progress) X11 vnc-3.3.3r2 Applications

  26. Linux/390 in Action

  27. Linux/390 in Action

  28. Linux/390 in Action

  29. Linux/390 in Action

  30. Linux/390 in Action [root@penguinvm cpint]# more /proc/cpuinfo vendor_id : IBM/S390 # processors : 3 bogomips per cpu: 52.42 processor 0: version = FF, identification = 045226, machine = 9672 processor 1: version = FF, identification = 145226, machine = 9672 processor 2: version = FF, identification = 245226, machine = 9672 [root@penguinvm cpint]# more /proc/interrupts CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 0: 2964 2883 3421 none ctc0 1: 5840 2941 1920 none ctc0 3: 2 0 0 none mnd 4: 2 0 0 none mnd 5: 2 0 0 none mnd 9: 50 34 28 none 3215 terminal driver NMI: 0 IPI: 0

  31. Linux/390 in Action [root@penguinvm cpint]# more /proc/devices Character devices: 1 mem 2 pty 3 ttyp 4 ttyS 5 console 10 misc 254 cpint Block devices: 1 ramdisk 7 loop 64 mnd 80 dasd

  32. Linux/390 in Action [root@penguinvm cpint]# hcp q all | more STORAGE = 0128M XSTORE = none CPU 00 ID FF04522696720000 (BASE) CPU 01 ID FF14522696720000 CPU 02 ID FF24522696720000 DASD 0101 3380 VMM600 R/O 20 CYL ON DASD 0742 SUBCHANNEL = 000D DASD 0190 3380 VMM785 R/O 178 CYL ON DASD 0702 SUBCHANNEL = 000E DASD 0191 3380 LINRES R/W 110 CYL ON DASD 06FE SUBCHANNEL = 0003 DASD 0193 3380 LINRES R/W 1131 CYL ON DASD 06FE SUBCHANNEL = 0004 DASD 0194 3380 LINRES R/W 597 CYL ON DASD 06FE SUBCHANNEL = 0005 DASD 019D 3380 230RES R/O 108 CYL ON DASD 07E6 SUBCHANNEL = 000F DASD 019E 3380 VMM628 R/O 100 CYL ON DASD 074F SUBCHANNEL = 0010 DASD 0320 3380 VMM612 R/O 75 CYL ON DASD 06C9 SUBCHANNEL = 0002 DASD 0991 3380 LINRES R/W 365 CYL ON DASD 06FE SUBCHANNEL = 0006 DASD 0992 3380 LINRES R/W 276 CYL ON DASD 06FE SUBCHANNEL = 0007 DASD 0993 3380 LINRES R/W 175 CYL ON DASD 06FE SUBCHANNEL = 0008 CTCA 0C10 COUPLED TO TCPIP31 0C10 SUBCHANNEL = 0000 CTCA 0C11 COUPLED TO TCPIP31 0C11 SUBCHANNEL = 0001

  33. Linux/390 Virtual Penguin Power

  34. Multiple Virtual Linux • Instead of a box per server connected by metres of wire • A virtual machine per server connected by storage sharing data at 500MB/s • DASD may be shared • DASD may be located 43Km away • “Virtual Penguin Power”

  35. VPP • VM is another device Linux can talk to • Huge data cache • Resource sharing and capping • Need a new server? Just spend 5 minutes and add a new virtual machine • Error recovery and reporting

  36. VPP in Action • Tests conducted by David Boyes • G5 processor with 2 real CPUs • 2750 Linux/390 virtual machines • 1000 with 4 vCPUs • 500 with 2 vCPUs • 250 with 8 vCPUs • Booted concurrently • Running Apache serving same page • VM didn’t bat an eyelid

  37. Some Final Words “Nice(?!) to know, you can even boot Win95 under Linux for S/390 using the BOCHS x86-Emulator.” “Fine, you sick perverts. You leave me no choice. When I can get the disk space and Copious Free Time for it, I'll build Hercules on Linux under Bochs under L/390. Or maybe I'll just port Basilisk II so you can have your Mac apps too.”

  38. Further Information • http://penguinvm.princeton.edu • http://linux390.marist.edu • http://linas.org/linux/i370.html • http://www.ibm.com/s390/vm/linux/ • http://www.ibm.com/developer/opensource/ • http://www.funsoft.com

  39. Trademarks • Linux is a trademark of Linus Torvalds • S/390, VM/ESA, OS/390, VSE/ESA, AIX are trademarks of IBM • UTS is a trademark of Amdahl • OSIRIS is a trademark of HDS • Flex-ES is a trademark of Fundamental Software Inc.

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