Independent and Dependent Clauses

1. Independent and Dependent Clauses Professor Danielsen

2. Sentence Structure • We’ve learned about: • Simple sentences (SV) • Compound sentences (SV, (FANBOY) SV.) Now we’re going to learn about • Complex sentences

3. Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentence

4. A Clause • A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb. There are two kinds of clauses in English: • Independent clauses • Dependent clauses

5. Independent Clauses(ICs) • An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. • Example: Parishas excellent art museums.

6. Dependent Clauses(DCs) • A dependent clause contains a subject and a verb, however, it always begins with an introductory word known as a subordinator. • Example: because (subordinator) Washington D.C., has excellent museums • after(subordinator)Mrs. Martinez explained the homework.

7. Dependent Clauses(DCs) • A dependent clause does not express a complete thought. It is not a complete sentence, so it cannot stand alone. • To be correct, it must be attached to an independent clause.

8. Practice 7: Independent or dependent clause? • Before I go to work • I take a walk around the block. • The exercise wakes up my body and clears my mind. • It’s hard to do this in the winter. • When I go to work • It is still dark • After I get home from work • It is dark again

9. Comma Rules for ICs and DCs • Dependent Clause (,) Independent Clause . • Independent Clause (no comma) Dependent Clause.

10. Complex Sentences and Time Clauses • A time clause is a dependent clause that has a subject and a verb and begins with a time subordinator. • Example: Anna’s family eats dinner as soon as her father comes home.

11. TIME SUBORDINATORS

12. Practice 8 Identify the IC, DC, and time clauseadd commas where needed: • After we got our first payment we started planning a trip to Italy. • Before we left on our trip we wrote to our cousins in Rome and told them our plans. • As soon as they received our letter they called us to stay with them.

13. Combine these sentences • When I go to work. It is still dark. • After I get home from work. It is dark again. • When it is raining, of course. I never go out. • On rainy days, as soon as the alarm clock rings. I turn over and go back to sleep.

14. Practice • Practice writing your own! Write three sentences using the time subordinators.