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DO NOW. In the late nineteenth century, the British commonly referred to the Suez Canal in Egypt as the “Lifeline of the Empire” because it: A: held large deposits of coal needed by British industries. B: provided a strategic shipping route to British colonies.

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DO NOW

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  1. DO NOW In the late nineteenth century, the British commonly referred to the Suez Canal in Egypt as the “Lifeline of the Empire” because it: A: held large deposits of coal needed by British industries. B: provided a strategic shipping route to British colonies. C: served as a ship-building center for the British navy. D: irrigated several cash crops in the British colonies. -B: provided a strategic shipping route to British colonies.

  2. 11.4 British Imperialism in India

  3. British Imperialism • As the Mughal Empire declined, Britain seizes Indian territory and soon it controls almost the whole subcontinent.

  4. Britain Expands Control Over India

  5. Britain Expands Control Over India • East India Company Dominates • British East India Company rules India until 1850’s • Company had its own army led by British officers • Army is staffed by sepoys (Indian Soldiers)

  6. Britain’s “Jewel in the Crown” • India is Britain’s most valuable colony, or “jewel” • Forced to produce raw materials for British manufacturing • Forced to buy British goods

  7. British Expand Control • British Transport Trade Goods • Railroads move “cash-crops” and goods faster • Trade in specific crops ties to international events

  8. Impact of Colonialism • British hold much of political and economic power • Cash crops result in loss of “self-sufficiency” and famine • Indian life disrupted by missionaries and racist attitudes • British modernize India’s economy, improve public health

  9. The Sepoy Mutiny • Indians Rebel • Sepoys refuse to use cartridges of new rifles for religious reasons • Many Sepoys are jailed; others start Sepoy Mutiny against British • Many Idians, especially Sikhs, remain loyal to British

  10. The Sepoy Mutiny • Turning Point: • British put down rebellion, take direct command of India • Raj: British rule – after India comes under direct control • Uprising increases distrust between British and Indians

  11. Nationalism in India • Call for Reforms: • In 1800’s, Ram Mohun Roy leads modernization movement • Many Indians adopt western ways – call for social reforms • Indians resent being second-class citizens in their own country • Nationalist Groups Form • Indian National Congress and Muslim League form • Nationalist angered by partition of Bengal • Pressures Britain to go back and change

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