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Radiation Characteristics

Radiation Characteristics. DA 118. Radiation Characteristics Include:. X-ray beam quality Penetrating ability quantity Number of x-rays produced Intensity Time of exposure. Density. Is the overall darkness or blackness of an image. Contrast.

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Radiation Characteristics

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  1. Radiation Characteristics DA 118

  2. Radiation Characteristics Include: • X-ray beam quality • Penetrating ability quantity • Number of x-rays produced • Intensity • Time of exposure

  3. Density • Is the overall darkness or blackness of an image.

  4. Contrast • Refers to how sharply dark and light areas are differentiated or separated on an image.

  5. Exposure time • Refers to the interval of time during which xrays are produced. • Measured in impulses. • 60 impulses in 1 second

  6. Quality: Voltage and Kilovoltage, and Exposure Time • Voltage: measurement of force • Kilovoltage: (65 to 100) 1 KV = 1000 volts- refers to the speed of electrons. • If you have an obese patient, you have to increase KV (penetrating) power. If the patient is smaller than decrease KV. • KVP – the maximum or peak voltage.

  7. Quantity: Amperage, Milliamperage • Amperage: determines the amount of electrons flowing through the cathode filament. • Milliamperage: regulates the temperature of the cathode filament. • Milliampere: 1 MA = 1/1000 ampere. • In dental 7 to 15 MA is required. • The more MA the less exposure time.

  8. Intensity • It is a product of quality and quantity per unit of time exposure.

  9. Distance Target-surface distance: the distance from the source of radiation to the patient’s skin. Target-object distance: the distance from the source of radiation to the tooth. Target-receptor distance: the distance from the source of radiation to the receptor.

  10. Inverse Square Law • When source to receptor distance is increased, intensity of the beam is decreased.

  11. Aluminum Disk Half Value Layer- The thickness of aluminum that when placed in the path of the x-ray beam reduces the exposure rate by one half.

  12. Step Wedge • Can be used to demonstrate short scale and long scale contrast. Made of aluminum made into steps of thickness of 2mm increments. Placed on top of an x-ray film and exposed. Used to compare density and to monitor film and film processing.

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