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Hydrogen Economy and Fuel Cells

Hydrogen Economy and Fuel Cells. Some Driving Comments. The world’s appetite for energy is increasing as the standard of living increases. Some Driving Comments. The world’s appetite for energy is increasing as the standard of living increases The world population is increasing.

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Hydrogen Economy and Fuel Cells

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  1. Hydrogen Economyand Fuel Cells

  2. Some Driving Comments • The world’s appetite for energy is increasing as the standard of living increases

  3. Some Driving Comments • The world’s appetite for energy is increasing as the standard of living increases • The world population is increasing

  4. Some Driving Comments • The world’s appetite for energy is increasing as the standard of living increases • The world population is increasing • There is not an infinite supply of oil and natural gas

  5. Some Driving Comments • The world’s appetite for energy is increasing as the standard of living increases • The world population is increasing • There is not an infinite supply of oil and natural gas • Nuclear power is serious safety concern

  6. Some Driving Comments • The world’s appetite for energy is increasing as the standard of living increases • The world population is increasing • There is not an infinite supply of oil and natural gas • Nuclear power is serious safety concern • Pollution of greenhouse gasses a global issue

  7. Some Driving Comments • The world’s appetite for energy is increasing as the standard of living increases • The world population is increasing • There is not an infinite supply of oil and natural gas • Nuclear power is serious safety concern • Pollution of greenhouse gasses a global issue

  8. Energy Needs • Current energy distribution system based on inventory • It needs to be regenerable • Current energy infrastructure based on real time and inventory • Wind/Tidal/Photovoltaic Real Time • Oil/gas Inventory • Nuclear Inventory • Only input of new energy to Earth is Solar

  9. Current Hydrocarbon Energy Delivery • Based on oxidation of dead plants and animals (Solar Energy Inventory)C+O2=CO2 2H2+O2=2H2O • Although carbon oxidation generates a lot of energy it also generates the most significant Green House Gas CO2 • Combustion of Hydrogen has no environmental impact • Hydrogen can be regenerated in a number of processes

  10. Current Hydrocarbon Energy Delivery • Based on oxidation of dead plants and animals (Solar Energy Inventory)C+O2=CO2 H2+O2=2H2O • Although carbon oxidation generates a lot of energy it is also the most significant Green House Gas • Combustion of Hydrogen has no environmental impact • Hydrogen can be regenerated in a number of processes A Hydrogen vs. Hydrocarbon based Economy may be a better alternate

  11. Why Hydrogen Economy? • Hydrogen has one of the highest energy/kg • Hydrogen oxidation has only water as an emission • Hydrogen is non toxic to humans • More secure supply of energy • Only sustainable source of energy distribution

  12. Hydrogen Infrastructure Issues • Hydrogen bomb • Hindenberg

  13. Hydrogen Infrastructure Issues • Hydrogen Bomb fear • We are not working in Nuclear energy range • Hindenberg Fear • 33 of 35 people killed resulted from jumping • 2 of 35 were killed by burning from the flammable skin and diesel Fuel Fire • The H2 fire burned for 60 sec (7.2MM ft3) • The diesel fire burned for 10hrs. • All that survived rode the ship to the ground

  14. Physical Data

  15. Conclusions • Hydrogen flames are no hotter than other gas flames • Hydrogen is 15 times lighter than air so it disperses quickly up • Hydrogen fires take place in 1/10 the time of other hydrocarbon fires • Hydrogen fires are colorless and therefore have little radiant heat transfer • Hydrogen is not toxic to humans • Humans can stand a lot of heat…but not for very long

  16. Why Fuel Cells? • Hydrogen vs. gasoline for automobiles • Gasoline well to wheel efficiency=~14% • Fuel cell efficiency well to wheel =42% • Hydrogen vs. coal/oil for make electricity • Fossil Fuel to electricity=30-35% • Hydrogen= 72-85% • Fuel Cells are small enough to consider distributed generation • Justifies Combined Heat and Power at home >90% eff. • Permits generation of H2 for cars 10$/tankful • Hydrogen can be regenerated thru known processes based on the solar input

  17. Skills necessary to Compete • Process Engineering/System Engineering • Heat transfer • Mass transfer • Momentum transfer • Simultaneous Transfer • Reaction Kinetics • Process Simulation • Process Controls • Materials (Strength and properties) • Hydrogen diffusion into metals • Electrochemical reaction design • Safety design (Hazop/Max Creditable Accident) • 6 Sigma approach to design, manufacturing, maintenance and quality (Black belt)

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