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The Remaining Senses

The Remaining Senses. Unit 6 Lesson 3. Objectives. Review the physical properties of sound and light waves. Compare and contrast the senses of taste and smell, and describe the relationship between the two. Describe the skin sense in general, and pain perception in particular.

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The Remaining Senses

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  1. The Remaining Senses Unit 6Lesson 3

  2. Objectives • Review the physical properties of sound and light waves. • Compare and contrast the senses of taste and smell, and describe the relationship between the two. • Describe the skin sense in general, and pain perception in particular. • Explain the kinesthetic sense.

  3. Warm Up • Explain the role wave frequency and amplitude play in both vision and audition. • Frequency • Light- Influences the color we see • Sound- Influences the pitch (hertz) we hear • Amplitude • Light- Brightness of visual stimuli • Sound- Loudness (decibels) of sound

  4. Review • What is the relation between sight, sound, and the vestibular sense? • Eyes detect changes in body posture and vestibular imbalance (in the ears), provide info to keep us right side up!

  5. Senses • Vision/Audition = physical energy • Olfaction/ Gustation = chemical molecules

  6. Olfaction • Role of Smell • Info about environment • Recognition • Communicate emotions • Evokes memory

  7. How Does Smell Work? • Volatile Substance (Odor) • Chemical molecules released into the air at room temperature. • Olfactory Bulb in Nose • Receptor cells covered in mucus that dissolve molecules into electrical signals. • Olfactory Nerve • Transmits neural impulses to brain where they are interpreted as particular smell, associated with prior experiences or emotions. • Qualities of smell: fruity, flowery, putrid, burnt, resinous, spicy

  8. Sensory Adaptation • Olfactory cells quickly adapt to stimuli • Good- if in outhouse • Bad- if painting room

  9. Can all people smell? • Most of us can id up to 10K + odors! But… • Anosmic: Loss of some or all sense of smell • How? • Virus • Inflammation • Drug use • Head trauma

  10. Taste (Gustation) • Saliva dissolves food molecules stimulating taste buds on tongue which create neural impulses which are sent to parietal lobe and interpreted as taste.

  11. 4 Taste Qualities Sweet Sour Salty Bitter Flavor involves Odor Texture Temperature Taste Taste vs Flavor

  12. Food Experiment

  13. Food Experiment

  14. Skin Senses • Indicate Touch/Pressure, Temperature, Pain • Located mostly in middle layer of skin. • Hair follicles- Nerves at base respond to movement… bending = pressure/touch • Free nerve endings- Respond to pain and temperature • Once stimulated, pass through CNS to various areas of somatosensory cortex in brain.

  15. Touch and Pressure Parts of body more sensitive to touch than others Two-Point Threshold: Smallest distance between 2 points before person id’s two sources of stimulation instead of one Toothpick demo Pain Indicates something is wrong at point of contact Phantom Limb Pain: pain in amputated limbs activated by nerves in stump or memories Gate Theory: rubbing area floods n.s. with stimulation, confusing source of pain Skin Senses

  16. Kinesthesis • Informs you about position and motion of parts of body • Sense receptors in joints, tendons, muscles • Examples: Close eyes and touch nose w/finger Make a muscle in your right arm

  17. Closure • Identify where sense receptors for transduction are located for each sense we’ve studied. • Vision - Retina (Rods & Cones) • Audition – Cochlea/Basilar Membrane (Organ of Corti) • Olfaction – Olfactory Bulb • Gustation – Taste Buds • Touch – Hair follicles or free nerve endings • Vestibular – Semicircular Canals • Kinesthetic – Joints, Muscles, Tendons

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