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DISEASES IN MUSHROOM

DISEASES IN MUSHROOM. Fungal diseases Wet bubble or Mycogone Dry bulb or Verticillium Cow web or Dactylium False truffle. Bacterial diseases. 1. Bacterial or brown blotch 2. Bacterial soft rot 3. Post harvest burrowing. Viral diseases.

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DISEASES IN MUSHROOM

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  1. DISEASES IN MUSHROOM • Fungal diseases • Wet bubble or Mycogone • Dry bulb or Verticillium • Cow web or Dactylium • False truffle Bacterial diseases • 1. Bacterial or brown blotch • 2. Bacterial soft rot • 3. Post harvest burrowing Viral diseases • 1. Mushroom virus X disease • 2. La france disease

  2. Abiotic disorders 1. Cracked head pileus - due to high temp. 2. Rose cumb effect - due to high temp. 3. Long stemmed mushroom - due to high conc.of co2.

  3. Cracked mushroom • Cracks are farmed on mushroom • When the temperature will increase • It reduce the market value Prevention: Give good ventilation to mushroom shed

  4. Rose comb • Pileus is distorted • Lamella is formed on upper surface Preventation :Avoid smoke near shed and good ventilation

  5. Bacterial pit (or) Blatch Caused by Pseudomonas tolaasii pami • Pale yellow spots on the surface of pileus. • Later turn into brown colour when seviour • Disease occur at the time of storage time • Prevention : Control the vectors -mites, spring tail, spray with 1%of bleaching powder on bed .

  6. BACTERILA SOFT ROT- (Agaricus bitorquis) • Caused by pseudomonas gladioli, pv agaricola • The bacteria causes rapid soft rot of cultivate mushroom at a temp. above 25°c

  7. POST HARVEST BROWNING Postharvest browning of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms is a severe problem that reduces the shelf life of harvested mushrooms. Mushroom browning occurs mainly as a result of tyrosinase activity, an enzyme belonging to the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) family and known to be a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis. An ethanolic extract from licorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and [3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl propionic acid)] (DPPacid) isolated from fig leaves and fruit have been shown to inhibit tyrosinase activity. Adding these inhibitors to sliced mushrooms had a very strong inhibitory effect on browning, but pre-storage immersion of intact mushroom in the licorice extract did not prevent browning after 8 days storage at 4 °C. By contrast, treatment with DPPacid at 1 μg/mL reduced browning by half. Measurement of inhibitor uptake by mass spectra (MS) and assay of tyrosinase activity indicated that penetration into the mushroom tissue was inadequate for tyrosinase inhibition. Moreover, DPPacid was found to be unstable in the mushroom tissue and within a short time it was, presumably, metabolized

  8. Viral diseases 1.Brown disease 2.Watering stripe 3.X-disease 4.Die back • The diseases damages the crop severely. difficult to diagnose on the basis of symptoms. • Drum stick like mushroom less reduction yield of mushroom is Perhaps. • The virus transmission through spores and spawn • Prevention :Control vectors mites, Spray monocrotophos

  9. X-disease • Mushroom virus X (MVX) is a disease of the commercial mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. When first recorded in 1996 it was associated with localised areas of pin suppression. • It is now thought to be responsible for a range of symptoms. It seriously affected the UK mushroom industry in 2000/01 and has now been reported in Ireland, Holland and a number of other mushroom growing countries. • The seriousness and complexity of the disease has led Warwick HRI to put in place a major research programme.

  10. Dry Bubble Caused by Verticillium malthousi, Verticillium psalliotae • Formation of muddy brown often sunken spots on cap of • Mushroom. • Attack early stage&never develop. Soit becomes dry and • Leathering.So its called dry bubble. • Prevention: Maintain the sanitary conditions

  11. Split stem symptoms Narcotic spot symptom Spotting symptoms

  12. Verticillium fungicola

  13. Wet bubble or Mycogone • Globe like mass of mushroom tissues(a dry bubble) • Mushroom can become a spherical mass of infected tissue • Large and numerous amber drops covering the mushroom.

  14. Truffle Caused by Dichliomyces microsporus • It appears cottony weft of dence(full spread) • So mushroom small and reduced brown wrinkled and stomatic bodies. • Preventation : Prevented excess moisture bed, maintain the temperature above 200c

  15. Mildew (or) Cob-Web disease Caused by Dactylium dendroiedes. • White silky growth upper surface of casing soil • Casing soil –one part of sand, one part of red soil, one part of kitchen soil, 3%of calcium carbonate • Older mycelium changes silky to granular while • When the continuous cultivation mildew disease will serious • Prevention : Proper sterilization of casing soil , maintained the good Sanitary conditions

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