Astronomic Tides, Flows and Hurricane Storm Surge Modeling of the Pascagoula River, MS

1. Astronomic Tides, Flows and Hurricane Storm Surge Modeling of the Pascagoula River, MS March 4, 2009 Naeko Takahashi Qing Wang Scott C. Hagen, Ph.D., P.E.

2. Objectives • Develop a high-resolution inlet-based floodplain mesh for the Pascagoula River region. • Incorporate the inlet-based floodplain model into the Western North Atlantic Tidal (WNAT) model domain, which consists of the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and the western Atlantic Ocean. • Examine the storm tide dynamics that are setup within the Pascagoula River and understand the importance of the various meteorological forcings and their attribution to the overall physics and the ability to describe with our model. • Astronomic tides, considering the role of marsh areas • Storm surge hydrographs • Storm tide hydrographs • Large-scale, local-scale models

3. Black Creek Pascagoula River Escatawpa River Red Creek Big Creek E. Pascagoula River W. Pascagoula River 3

4. Inlet 30-50 m Pascagoula River West Pascagoula River 60-100 m 40-100 m 40-100 m

5. Beardslee Lake & Roberson lake Pascagoula River Roberson Lake Outside Spacing 25 m Beardslee Lake Pascagoula River Inside Spacing 100 m 50 m Escatawpa River

6. Pascagoula River and Red Creek Joint Point 13 m Pascagoula River 25 m Red Creek Pascagoula River 40 m

7. 10 m Min element size: 1.4 m Big Creek Big Creek Big Creek Escatawpa River

9. Atlantic Ocean Gulf of Mexico Caribbean Sea

11. Mesh Over River Islands and Barrier Islands

12. Inlet-based Floodplain Mesh Development

13. Model Forcing: Astronomic Tide INPUT 1: WNAT-based mesh 1 N Seven tidal constituents (K1, O1, M2, S2, N2, K2, and Q1) are applied at the open-ocean boundary (blue dash line at 60W meridian) Output locations ADCIRC Localized domain (i.e. Inlet-based mesh) OUTPUT: Twenty-three (23) tidal constituents at each output locations (open-ocean boundary for localized domain)

14. Astronomic Tide Model Results

15. Astronomic Tide Model Results

16. N Storm Surge Hydrograph Boundary Condition INPUT 2: Wind and pressure data INPUT 1: WNAT-based mesh 1 N Output locations ADCIRC Localized domain (i.e. Inlet-based mesh) OUTPUT: Storm Surge Hydrograph

17. Ocean-based Model and Storm Surge Hydrograph Extraction Maximum Envelope of Water (maximum storm surge) WNAT

18. Ocean-based Model and Storm Surge Hydrograph Extraction

19. Inlet-based Storm Surge Model Results

20. Inlet-based Storm Surge Model Results

21. Conclusions • Incorporating the marsh areas results in significant improvement in the astronomic tide simulation. • The large-scale model without floodplains produces an acceptable storm surge hydrograph B.C. to be used to drive a localized domain. • The large-scale modeling approach is the most adequate towards simulating storm surge dynamics; however, when a localized domain is the only choice, it is necessary to account for the local wind and pressure forcing AND the remote effects of the wind and pressure forcing through a storm surge hydrograph. • Barrier islands should be meshed over to allow wetting and drying.

22. Acknowledgement

23. Thank You!