Economic Development and Security in the Caribbean: Food Security

1. FAOIN THE CARIBBEAN Economic Development and Security in the Caribbean: Food Security J.R. Deep Ford Coordinator, UNFAO , Caribbean Presentation to OAS Committee on Hemispheric Security

2. Table of Contents Economic Development and Security in the Caribbean: Food Security • What is Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) ? • 2. How does Food and Nutrition INsecurity threaten/impact Security in the Caribbean ? • 3. How can we promote and maintain improved food and nutrition security ?

3. What is Food and Nutrition Security ? • Availability (Production) • Accessibility (Employment) • Stability (Risk/Natural Disasters) • Utilization ( Consumption)

4. Food Security – A Definition “Food security, at the individual, household, national, regional and global levels, exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.” Grains, fruits, oils, meat, dairy products and vegetables World Food Summit, Rome (1996)

5. Food Security A Right – A Covenant • 1948 – Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 25: 1. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. • 1966: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Article 11: 1. – The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to an adequate standard of living for himself and his family, including adequate food, clothing and housing, and to the continuous improvement of living conditions. The States Parties will take appropriate steps to ensure the realization of this right, recognizing to this effect the essential importance of international co-operation based on free consent. • 2004: The FAO COUNCIL adopted the Right to Food Guidelines to support the progressive realization of the right to adequate food in the context of national food security based on the International Covenant.

6. Food Security A Commitment • 1996 – World Food Summit – Food Security Definition, 2015 Goal and Pillars • The Rome Declaration: We pledge our political will and our common and national commitment to achieving food security for all and to an ongoing effort to eradicate hunger in all countries, with an immediate view to reducing the number of undernourished people to half their present level no later than 2015. (November 1995, Rome) • 2000: UN Millenium Declaration Development Goals (8) – • Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger • Target 2: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people • who suffer from hunger • Indicator: Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption

7. The United Nations ZeroHunger Challenge The United Nations Secretary-General encourages all partners to scale up their efforts to turn the vision of an end to hunger into reality. Grow Share Protect

8. How does Food INsecurity threaten/impact Security in the Caribbean ? • Dependence on an external food supply – high food import bill • Economic vulnerability internally- weakened agricultural and food sector • Unhealthy population - high cost, low productivity • Citizen/personal security – praedial larceny, domestic violence

9. Dependence -- Unsustainable food import bill

10. CARICOM FOOD IMPORT BILL 2000, 2007 & 2011 (US$M) US$million 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Antigua and Barbuda The Bahamas Barbados Belize Dominica 2000 Grenada 2007 Guyana 2011 Haiti Jamaica Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago

12. CARIBBEAN CEREAL IMPORT DEPENDENCY RATIO (percentage)

13. Economic Vulnerability: CARICOM Selected Indicators

14. Average value of food production in the Caribbean ($ per capita)

15. Food Insecurity and Risk • The Caribbean region is the second most prone region in the world to natural disasters • Hurricane Ivan (2004) caused damage to Agriculture in excess of US$37 M • Hurricane Dean (2007) ravaged the Caribbean: Agriculture sector damages were Jamaica (US$43M); Belize (US$54M); and St. Lucia (US$10M) • December 25, 2013 Weather System caused damages amounting to approximately US$12M in both St. Lucia and St. Vincent and the Grenadines

17. Prevalence of Overwt / Obesity in the Caribbean in > 30 years old Source: WHO Global Infobase 2011

18. How to promote and maintain improved food and nutrition security ? • Policy and Governance • 4 Pillars and Twin Track Approach • Fundamental principles and integrated strategies

19. FAO Caribbean: Food and Nutrition Security Vision “ A Caribbean free from hunger and malnutrition where food and agriculture contribute to improving the living standards of all, especially the poorest, in economically, socially and environmentally sustainable manner”.

20. Caribbean agricultural and food security policy • Five Pillars • Food and Nutrition Security • Production (trade) value chains • Sustainable development of natural resources • Rural modernization and youth programmes • Agricultural knowledge and information system THE FOUR OBJECTIVES OF THE CARICOM FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION POLICY Food availability – production, commercialization, safety and quality Food access – vulnerable, affordable Food utilization/ nutritional adequacy – nutrition status and NCDs Stability of food supply – natural and socioeconomic crises

21. Good governance for food security

22. Four Pillars + The Twin Track Approach Four Pillars/Track 1: Rural Development and Productivity Enhancement Policy and Practice

23. Four Pillars + The Twin Track Approach Four Pillars/Track 2: Direct and immediate access to food

24. Five Rome Principles for Sustainable Global Food Security (Adopted by the World Summit on Food Securityin November 2009) Principle 1 Invest in country-owned plans, channelling resources to well- designed and results-based programmes and partnerships (Invest). Principle 2 Foster strategic coordination at national, regional and global level to improve governance, promote better allocation of resources, avoid duplication of efforts and identify response-gaps. (Governance) Principle 3 Strive for a comprehensive twin-track approach to food security. (short and long term). Principle 4 Ensure a strong role for the multilateral systems by sustained improvements in efficiency, responsiveness, coordination and effectiveness of multilateral institutions. (Multilateral Coordination) Principle 5 Ensure sustained and substantial commitment by all partners to investment in food security, with necessary resources in a timely and reliable fashion, across multi-year plans and programmes. (Vision)

25. Achieving Food Security and Sustainable Development in the Caribbean Production/vity Availability Accessibility Nutrition Social Protection Governance Resilience Sustainability Protect Grow Share Coordination Financing Parliamentary Councils Private S/Civil Society Praedial Larceny Land Zoning Natural Resource protection Food Based Dietary Guidelines Eat Fresh and local Obesity Undernourishment Pre School Nutrition School Feeding Income support Crops - Cassava Livestock – Small Ruminants Fisheries Forestry Food Quality Wasteage

26. FAO stands ready to be a Partner in this Process More decentralized More participatory More responsive and results driven

27. Let’s work together Thanks for your attention