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Srebrenica :

Srebrenica :. Problems of participation in UN/NATO operations. Chronology. Summer 1993 : UN Security Council declares safe-havens including Srebrenica Early 1995 : Bosnian-Serb forces surround Srebrenica. Skirmishing with Dutch forces

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Srebrenica :

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  1. Srebrenica: Problems of participation in UN/NATO operations

  2. Chronology • Summer 1993: UN Security Council declares safe-havens including Srebrenica • Early 1995: Bosnian-Serb forces surround Srebrenica. Skirmishing with Dutch forces • May 1995: UN/NATO bomb Bosnian-Serb forces. UNPROFOR personnel taken hostage • July 10-13, 1995: Bosnian-Serbs attack and capture Srebrenica • 8,000 Muslims murdered, 25,000 deported

  3. Factors • Forces committed without adequate firepower • Nations w/forces on the ground sensitive to tactics that provoke the Bosnian-Serbs • “Dual key” process undermines credibility • Denial of air strikes interpreted as weak will • Unity of command violated • Authority/responsibility violated • Dutch antipathy affect judgment?

  4. Questions • What are “reasonable defensive measures” • Dutch commander responsibility • What were Dutch options? • UN order: good faith or setup? • Responsibility of higher commander • Institutional and/or systemic factors contributing to decision-making

  5. Lessons Learned • TRUST • Forces should not be deployed without: • Adequate firepower for mission and self-defense • Clear and quantifiable objectives • Consistent international, political and military objectives • Unified and responsible chain of command • Personnel trained to act rightfully in extremely complex situations with significant moral, humanitarian and international implications

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