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Bellwork: Thursday March 11

Bellwork: Thursday March 11. Read through “The Slave Who Defeated Napoleon” 1. What background allowed Toussaint the opportunity to be such a leader? 2. What does Toussaint’s last name (L’Overture) mean? Why do you think he was given this name?’

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Bellwork: Thursday March 11

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  1. Bellwork: Thursday March 11 • Read through “The Slave Who Defeated Napoleon” • 1. What background allowed Toussaint the opportunity to be such a leader? • 2. What does Toussaint’s last name (L’Overture) mean? Why do you think he was given this name?’ • 3. How did Napoleon betray Toussaint? What happened to Toussaint? • 4. How did Haiti gain its independence?

  2. Setting the Stage… By the late 1700’s, the Americas, already inspired by the ideas of the Enlightenment ideas, were electrified by news of the American and French Revolutions. The American and French ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity inspired many Latin Americans to rise up against their Spanish, French, and Portuguese masters…

  3. Chapter 24- Nationalist Revolutions Sweep the West24.1- Latin American People’s Win Independence

  4. Revolution in Haiti • French colony of Saint Domingue was the first colony to rebel against Europe • 500,000 slaves (majority of the population) • Lived at the bottom on the social ladder • Greatly outnumbered their masters • When the French Revolution broke out, free mulattoes in the colony demanded the same rights as French settlers. In 1791, there was a call for revolution • 100,000 slaves responded to the call • But first, we need a leader…

  5. Where in the world?

  6. Toussaint L’Ouverture • Ex slave with no military or diplomatic training • Rose to be a general • After organizing an army, L’Ouverture invaded the other side of Hispanola • Santo Domingo • Took control of the territory and freed the slaves

  7. Haiti’s Slave Revolution • The slaves won control of Saint Domingue. It was the only successful revolution led by slaves anywhere in the world. • In 1802 Napoléon I sent an army to regain control of the island, but in 1804 the rebels again defeated the French. • Saint Domingue proclaimed its independence under the ancient name of Haiti. It became the first independent country in Latin America.

  8. What was the fate of L’Ouverture? • The French soon got wind of the revolution • Send troops to depose L’Ouverture • L’Ouverture agreed to stop the revolution, if the French ended slavery • French agreed • Soon he was accused of planning another uprising • No real justification for the allegations • Sent to a prison in French Alps where he died 10 months later

  9. The Unknown Maroon of Saint Domingue ( In front of Haiti’s National Palace)

  10. Social Classes in Latin America • Society was sharply divided into classes based on birth: 1. Peninsulares- born in Spain • Only peninsulares could hold high office 2. Creoles- Spaniards born in Latin America • Could not hold high office, but could rise as officiers in the army (Peninsulares & Creoles controlled the wealth and power) 3. Mestizos – people of mixed European and Indian ancestry 4. Mulattos- people of mixed European and African ancestry 4. Natives- little economic value to the Europeans, thus severely oppressed

  11. Let’s take a closer look: Examine the pie chart entitled “The Divisions of Spanish Colonial Society in 1789” on pg. 604 - What group makes up the vast majority of the population? - What is the second largest group of people? - What is one possible reason that the creoles felt resentful of the privileges of the peninsulares? - What generalization/summarization can be made about the population in Spanish colonies at this time?

  12. Mini-DBQ • What is a DBQ? • DBQs are Document Based Questions often found on AP tests • On a DBQ, you need to look at the question and determine which sources support your side of the argument to create an essay using the correct evidence

  13. Mini-DBQ • With two partners, divide the reading on the Haiti DBQ source sheet • Each partner records detailed notes from their reading on the Haiti DBQ worksheet table • Partners then exchange worksheets and record their partner’s notes • Turn the source sheets back in • Each partner then takes a position on the question below and writes an 8 sentence paragraph on their position, using at least 3 cites from the sources supporting their position.

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