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Standard images are available on the intranet For more specific images please contact Matthew Hart

Standard images are available on the intranet For more specific images please contact Matthew Hart For PowerPoint help please contact Elizabeth Leishman. The response of secondary inorganic particulate matter to precursor emission reductions in south-east England June 2006.

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Standard images are available on the intranet For more specific images please contact Matthew Hart

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  1. Standard images are available on the intranet For more specific images please contact Matthew Hart For PowerPoint help please contact Elizabeth Leishman The response of secondary inorganic particulate matter to precursor emission reductions in south-east England June 2006 Andrea Fraser1,2, Prof. Helen M ApSimon1,Prof. Richard G. Derwent3, 1 Imperial College London 2 AEA, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK 3 rdscientific

  2. Outline • Summary of the CMAQ simulation in south-east England 3rd June – 9th July 2006. • Evaluation of the inorganic PM components with observations at Harwell monitoring site. • Spatial interaction of inorganic PM components. • Effects of SO2 NOX or NH3 emission reductions.

  3. CMAQ simulation south-east England • Meteorology • Data from the UK Met. Office operational Unified Model (MetUM) are archived at the British Atmospheric Data Centre. • Data are processed with a UM-MCIP program to create CMAQ ready files. • Emissions • European emissions are prepared from the 2003 50x50km annual EMEP emissions • UK emissions are prepared from the 2003 1x1km annual NAEI emissions • European Natural emissions calculated using a Biogenic Potential Inventory • CMAQ • V 4.5.1 • CB IV Chemistry

  4. A1 Europe48 x 48 km resolution24 layers – 8 below 600m • MetUM Global Meteorology • 3hr time steps • 40x40km (approx) • 38 layers • Emissions • EMEP 2003

  5. A2 Northern Europe12 x 12 km resolution24 layers – 8 below 600m • MetUM UK Meteorology • 1hr time steps • 12x12km (approx) • 38 layers • Emissions • EMEP 2003 • NAEI 2003

  6. A3 South-East England4 x 4 km resolution24 layers – 8 below 600m • MetUM UK Meteorology • 1hr time steps • 12x12km (approx) • 38 layers • Emissions • EMEP 2003 • NAEI 2003

  7. A3 South-East England Heathrow Airport Central London Didcot Power station M25 Power stations in the Thames estuary inc. Tilbury Rural site Harwell Dover and cross channel shipping lanes Southampton and Refineries on the Solent

  8. Model Evaluation Observed (TEOM) and Modelled PM 2.5 (μg m-3) 3rd June to 9th July 2006 Harwell 39% of model values within a factor of 2 of the observation 40% for 18 sites in SE England varying from 54% (Urban background) to 20% (roadside)

  9. EMEP intensive monitoring program • Harwell is one of the EMEP measurement site. • During June 2006 there was an intensive European monitoring program when additional PM component measurements were made. • SO42- SO2 NO3 HNO3 NH4+ NH3 • EMEP - Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe. • Data were made available by Eiko Nemitz, CEH Edinburgh

  10. Evaluation of SO2 and SO42- with observations at Harwell 49% within a factor of 2 SO42- SO2 SO2 + SO42-

  11. Evaluation of HNO3 and NO3- with observations at Harwell 18% within a factor of 2 NO3- HNO3 HNO3 + NO3- 65% within a factor of 2

  12. Evaluation of NH3 and NH4+ with observations at Harwell 48% within a factor of 2 NH4+ NH3 NH3 + NH4+ 54% within a factor of 2

  13. Spatial interaction of inorganic PM components

  14. Spatial interaction of inorganic PM components

  15. Spatial interaction of inorganic PM components

  16. Effects of SO2 NOX or NH3 emission reductions. • Emission reduction scenarios • 30% across-the board reduction in SO2 • 30% across-the board reduction in NOx • 30% across-the board reduction in NH3 • Emission sensitivity coefficient = % change in PM component • % change in Emission • 1 A 30% reduction in emission gives a 30% reduction in PM component • >1 A 30% reduction in emission gives more than a 30% reduction • <1 A 30% reduction in emission gives less than a 30% reduction • -ve A 30% reduction in emission gives an increase

  17. Mean μg m-3Sensitivity coefficient SE England grid 4x4km resolution

  18. Mean μg m-3Sensitivity coefficient SE England grid 4x4km resolution

  19. Mean μg m-3Sensitivity coefficient SE England grid 4x4km resolution

  20. Range 0.60-0.82 Range 0.04-1.10 Range 1.00-1.04 Emissions sensitivity coefficient30% less SO2 • PM 2.5 0.37 • μg SO4 m-3 0.70 • μg NO3 m-3 0.16 • μg NH4 m-3 0.53 • SO21.01 • HNO30.06 • NH3-0.25

  21. Emissions sensitivity coefficient30% less NOx • PM 2.5 0.09 • μg SO4 m-3 -0.17 • μg NO3 m-3 0.76 • μg NH4 m-3 0.13 • SO20.03 • HNO30.72 • NH3-0.04 Range 0.60-0.85 Range 0.54-0.97

  22. Emissions sensitivity coefficient30% less NH3 • PM 2.5 0.26 • μg SO4 m-3 -0.03 • μg NO3 m-3 1.19 • μg NH4 m-3 0.36 • SO20.00 • HNO3-0.22 • NH31.28 Difference PM2.5 Range 0.54-2.13 Range 0.23-0.57 Range (-)0.75-(-)0.03 Range 1.06-2.31

  23. Summary • Evaluation of the inorganic PM components with observations at Harwell monitoring site. • Results are promising but we need to evaluate more sites and both summer and winter. • Spatial interaction of inorganic PM components. • NO3- is poor but this is dependent on NH3 emissions. • Effect of emission reductions of SO2 NOx NH3 • SO2 : has a proportional effect on SO2 but less effect on SO42- • NOx : has less effect on HNO3 and NO3- in urban areas. • NH3 : has the most complex effect with • a greater than 30 % reduction in decrease in NH3 and NO3-, • less than 30% reduction in NH4+ and • an increase in HNO3

  24. Acknowledgements • PhD funding from NCAS-weather • UM-MCIP - G Taylor (Aeolus) funded by NCAS • EMEP2CMAQ – Armin Aulinger GKSS

  25. Spatial interaction of inorganic PM components

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