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The Siluriformes & Gymnotiformes

Jen Bartlett & Mark Lynch. The Siluriformes & Gymnotiformes. Cypriniformes. Ostariophysi. Characiformes. Siluriformes. Gymnotiformes. Ostariophysii. Auditory specialization of ear Weberian complex Gas bladder Alarm substances Almost entirely freshwater fishes

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The Siluriformes & Gymnotiformes

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  1. Jen Bartlett & Mark Lynch The Siluriformes & Gymnotiformes

  2. Cypriniformes Ostariophysi Characiformes Siluriformes Gymnotiformes

  3. Ostariophysii • Auditory specialization of ear • Weberian complex • Gas bladder • Alarm substances • Almost entirely freshwater fishes • 25% of fish, 68% of fw spp.

  4. Weberian Complex • Chain of bones- Weberian ossicles • Connect swim bladder to ear canal • Transmit vibrations

  5. Siluriformes • 3000 species, monophyletic group • Synapomorphies: • Live everywhere and include hypogean and trilobictic species • Benthic- heavy bony head, reduced gas bladder • Most lack scales (naked), have barbels • Eat everything: fish scales, blood, wood • Fertilization: internal, external, sperm drinking • Parental care in some species: mouth brooding

  6. Ictaluridae • Only family in Illinois • 14 species in IL • Have bony pectoral and dorsal fins to reduce predation

  7. Channel catfish

  8. Mountain madtom

  9. Giant Mekong Catfish 646 pounds 9 feet long Endangered due to dam construction Locals used to catch up to 50 per year, now only 2

  10. Gymnotiformes • Electric eels and knifefishes • 173 species • Can generate electrical fields from muscle/nerve cells to stun prey and deter predators • Also used for navigation and communication • Range: fw streams in Neotropics • Lack pelvic, dorsal, and commonly caudal fins, very long anal fin (>140 fin rays) from pectoral girdle to end of body • Restricted gill openings

  11. Gymnotiformes cont. • No maxillary teeth • No schreckstoff or fright response • Anus located anterior to mid-length

  12. Gymnotiformes

  13. Things to not do

  14. Review Questions • Is the group Siluriformes a monophyletic group or a paraphyletic group? • Do you consider Siluriformes and Gymnotiformes to be sister groups? • How do facial phenotypes explain feeding behaviors of the Siluriformes? • Why are the Mekong catfish so susceptible to over exploitation? • What is the most important thing to not do when swimming in central or south America?

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