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Exploring RNA Structure and Function: Key Differences and Roles in Gene Expression

Understand the unique characteristics of RNA, such as single-stranded nature and ribose sugar, in comparison to DNA. Discover how RNA acts as a crucial intermediary between genes and protein synthesis. Learn about different types of RNA and their essential roles in gene expression. Uncover the process of transcription and the significance of messenger RNA in protein coding.

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Exploring RNA Structure and Function: Key Differences and Roles in Gene Expression

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  1. RNA • Structure Differences: • 1. Instead of being double stranded, RNA is a single stranded molecule. (ss) • 2. The sugar in RNA is ribose. It has one more oxygen.

  2. 3. Has four nitrogenous bases. Three are the same as DNA; adenine, guanine, and cytosine. • Instead of thymine, RNA has Uracil. No T’s but U’s, so if there is an adenine it will pair with uracil.

  3. Function • RNA is the bridge between genes found in the nucleus and ribosomes that make proteins in the cytoplasm. • Remember the mantra!! • RNA is mobile and moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

  4. Information in DNA for a protein (a gene!) is copied into RNA. This piece of RNA leaves the nucleus and moves to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. • This RNA copy of a gene is called messenger RNA. m-RNA for short. • This process is called transcription.

  5. Types of RNA • m-RNA = messenger RNA. Codes for a protein. • t-RNA = transfer RNA. Converts a 3 nucleotide segment of RNA into an amino acid • r-RNA = ribosomal RNA. Used to make ribosomes.

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