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Social Accountability Concepts, Tools & Strategies

Social Accountability Concepts, Tools & Strategies. A Learning & Sharing Workshop. Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Worksho p. Thimphu , August 20-23, 2013. Our Broad Objectives…. Discuss core principles and concepts of governance and social accountability.

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Social Accountability Concepts, Tools & Strategies

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  1. Social Accountability Concepts, Tools & Strategies A Learning & Sharing Workshop Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  2. Our Broad Objectives… • Discuss core principles and concepts of governance and social accountability. • Profile leading social accountability tools and approaches. • Identify issues and challenges in implementing social accountability tools and approaches. • Prepare action plans to be applied in planned or ongoing projects. Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  3. Our Approach Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  4. Our Roadmap- Day 1(August 20) Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  5. Our Roadmap- Day 2(August 21) Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  6. Our Roadmap- Day 3(August 22) Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  7. Our Roadmap- Day 4(August23) Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  8. Day 1 Session I Context Setting Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  9. What do we understand by democracy? Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  10. 3 Histories of Democracy • Assembly democracy (2500 BCE) – epicenter in Arab World (Iraq, Lebanon & Syria) and India • Representative democracy (10th Cy, CE) – Atlantic region • Monitory democracy (1950s & 1990S) - Global Since 1945 more than 100 power monitoring tools have been invented – Guide-dogs, Watch-dogs and Barking-dogs. Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  11. Unpacking Democracy Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  12. Promoting Accountable Democracies Concepts & Frameworks Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  13. What is Governance? • “Decision making and exercise of power and authority in which society manages its development process and resolves conflict”. • Key Questions: What decisions are taken? Who takes these decisions? Whose interests are represented? GIZ/Actionaid Workshop, June 15-19, 2013 Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  14. Elements of Governance Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  15. 3 Fundamental Principles Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  16. QUALITY OF LIFE EQUITY JUSTICE MEDIA REGULATORS PRIVATE SECTOR CIVIL SOCIETY PUBLIC SERVICE AUDITOR GENERAL LEGISLATURE WATCHDOG AGENCIES INTERNATIONAL ACTORS EXECUTIVE JUDICIARY P U B L I C A W A R E N E S S S O C I E T A L V A L U E S Governance in Theory GOVERNANCE

  17. QUALITY OF LIFE JUSTICE EQUITY G O V E R N A N C E SOCIETY L ACTORS SECTOR REGULATORS PUBLIC SERVICE CIVIL AUDITOR GENERAL LEGISLATURE WATCHDOG AGENCIES EXECUTIVE JUDICIARY MEDIA PRIVATE INTERNATION P U B L I C A W A R E N E S S S O C I E T A L V A L U E S Governance as we experience!

  18. Why do the Pillars of Governance Collapse? • Weak Foundation (critical awareness & values) • Weak Pillars (poor quality of institutions) • Heavy Roof (unrealistic or wrong expectations) Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  19. RICE EXERCISE Roles – What are the roles of the stakeholder in promoting good governance? Interest – What is the primary interest of the stakeholder? Contribution – What is the stakeholder doing to promote good governance? Effect – What is the effect of the stakeholder’s contribution? – Effects can be positive or negative? Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  20. What is Accountability? Holding DUTY BEARERS to ACCOUNT! COMMUNITY Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  21. 3 Principles of Accountability Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  22. Concepts of Accountability • Horizontal Accountability • Political mechanisms (Separation of powers, Parliamentary committees etc.) • Fiscal mechanisms (Audit) • Administrative mechanisms (Rules & norms) • Legal mechanisms (Judiciary, Anti corruption agencies) • Vertical Accountability (CSOs & Media) - Elections - Social Accountability Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  23. Diagonal Accountability

  24. Bad Governance Impacts Strongly on Delivery of Public Services Context for Social Accountability Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  25. Social Accountability? • Holding institutions of the state accountable • Draws moral imperatives from the wellsprings of democracy • Asking the RIGHT questions • Change is a collective expression Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  26. Features of Public Services • Delivery of goods (water, electricity, power) or services (credit, policing, social protection) to all members of society. • Can be completely free, subsidized or fully charged • Heavily targeted towards the poor • Meant to protect fundamental rights – right to water, right to food, right to health, right to education Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  27. Common Challenges • Monopoly Power – Lack of Exit Option • Lack of information on standards and norms • Issues of access, availability & quality – weak accountability • Weak accountability – poor incentives, weak sanctions & penalties Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  28. C = M+D-A-T • CORRUPTION = MONOPOLY + DISCRETION –ACCOUNTABILITY –TRANSPARENCY The Klitgaard Equation (Robert Klitgaard) Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  29. Understanding Governance & Accountability in the context of Public Services Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  30. Let us start with a simple unit of governance – Household! Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  31. The Household Political Economy Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  32. How does an household operate • Identifying needs - Deciding what to spend (Planning) • Deciding how much to spend (Budgeting) • Checking income & expenses (Tracking) • Finding out if needs have been met (Monitoring outcomes) Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  33. National Political Economy Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  34. This leads to questions… • Who decides on priorities? Whose needs are addressed? Who participates in planning & policy making? • How are resources allocated? Who makes these decisions? Are these decisions based on needs? How are revenues generated? • Is money allocated spent on the correct purposes? Are there leakages? • Are citizens benefitting from the services? Why do schools have no teachers? Why do hospitals have no medicines? Why are roads so bad? Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  35. How needs & priorities are identified? What impacts and outcomes are produced? How resources are allocated? How money is being spent? Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  36. Why things go wrong… • Biased considerations influencing planning & prioritization processes – Adhoc Policies • Spending on wrong goods and people – Budget Allocation Problem • Resources fail to reach service providers or users - Expenditure Tracking Problem • Weak supervision for effective, efficient & equitable service delivery -Problem of Monitoring/Accountability • Demand-side constraints - Problem of Participation/Awareness - VOICE Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  37. Adhoc Policies Poor Outcomes Wrong Allocation Leakages Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  38. SA DOMAINS AND TOOLS Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  39. Some Examples of Accountability Work • Strengthening people’s awareness on RIGHTS & ENTITLEMENTS and DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES • Making planning and decision making processes inclusive (All Voices Count!) • Analysing local budgets and advocating for need-based allocations • Tracking how money has been spent for intended objectives • Monitoring final impacts and outcomes of money spent on the lives of people. Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

  40. SAc Dr. Gopakumar Thampi. SDC/ACC Workshop. Thimphu, August 20-23, 2013

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