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Vasily Dzhordzhadze University of California, Riverside for PHENIX Collaboration

Extending Physics Capabilities of the PHENIX Detector with Calorimetry at Forward Rapidities. Vasily Dzhordzhadze University of California, Riverside for PHENIX Collaboration 21st Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics Breckenridge, February 05-12, 2005. PHENIX Detector.

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Vasily Dzhordzhadze University of California, Riverside for PHENIX Collaboration

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  1. Extending Physics Capabilities of the PHENIX Detector with Calorimetry at Forward Rapidities Vasily Dzhordzhadze University of California, Riverside for PHENIX Collaboration 21st Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics Breckenridge, February 05-12, 2005

  2. PHENIX Detector 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  3. RHIC Executive Summary • Energy densities: Maximum dEt/dh ~ 600 GeV at mid rapidity ->Initial e > 5 GeV/fm3 > ecr • Elliptical flow: Strong elliptical flow v2 consistent withshort thermalization times t0 ~ 1 fm/c • Soft particle spectra: shapes & and yields consistent withhydrodynamicsource emission. Particle ratios consistent with chemically equilibrated system before hadronization • Hard particle spectra: strong pT suppression in central A+A (relaive to pp,pA & pQCD) consistent withfinal-state partonic energy loss in dense system: dNg/dy~1100 • Intermediate pT spectra: Enhanced baryon yields & v2 (compared to meson) consistent withquark recombinationmechanisms in a thermal and dense matter • All observations are consistent with formation of thermalized strongly interacting matter in central Au+Au collisions 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  4. The Challenges to the Next Decade • Move from exploration of new matter formed in A+A collisions to study of its property • Accelerate progress in the developing spin program • Upgrade Detectors: Increase acceptance, Implement vertex tracking, Implement jet measurment • Upgrade RHIC: X40 increase Luminosity • PHENIX central arms : 900 in azimuth and |h|<0.35 • PHENIX muon arms : full azimuth coverage and 1.2< |h|<2.4 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  5. Upgrades to PHENIX Enhanced PID: TRD-East (x) Aerogel/TOF West (x) Vertex Spectrometer: Flexible Magnetic Field (x) Silicon vertex tracker TPC/HBD/GEM Forward Spectrometers New muon trigger chambers Forward silicon detectors Forward Nosecone calorimeters pA centrality detectors Very forward hadron calorimeter(x) DAQ/Trigger 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  6. PHENIX Forward Muon Upgrade presented by Xie Wei at this Workshop 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  7. Problems: -only 40 cm apart from collision point … -only 20 cm of space is available … and then …3.5 Labs of dead material downstream FST Layout: PHENIXforward spectrometers 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  8. Goals for the W-Si Nosecone Calorimeter • Precision measurement of the EM showers • Effective g/p0 discrimination • Goodg/hadron separation • Jet finding and coarse jet energy measurement • Ability of fast triggering • Nosecone coverage : full (3600)in azimuth and 0.9<|h|<3.5 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  9. Existing Technology Today: PAMELA 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  10. Future: TESLA / CALICE LAL,LLR,LPC,PICM Imperial College, UCL, Cambridge, Birmingham, Manchester, RAL ITEP,IHEP,MSU Prague (IOP-ASCR) SNU,KNU e+e–ZH, Z at s=500 GeV COIL HCAL ECAL 62 mm CALICE ECAL Structure 1 Structure 2 200mm Structure 3 Silicon wafers with 6×6 pads (10×10 mm2) 360mm 62 mm 360mm 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  11. Ideas “fine” (electromagnetic) compartment “coarse” (leakage) compartment Photon converter section Shower max section Tungsten absorber (16 mm) Si pad sensor layers 0/ identifier (Si strip layers) Tungsten absorber (2.5 mm) 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  12. Incoming electron (10GeV) g/p0 identifier 10 GeV electron 20 cm hadronic EM 40 cm front view side view • First 8.5cm: 16 layers of Tungsten (2.5 mm), Si(0.3 mm), G10(0.8 mm), Kapton (0.2 mm) and Air(1.2 mm). • After first 6 layers there is a 0.5mm thick double layer of Si,G10,Kapton,Air (this is the g/p0 identifier). • Second half has a 6 layers with same sequence of materials, only thickness of Tungsten 16 mm. 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  13. Resolution for 1,5,10,40 GeV electron 1 5 1 10 40 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  14. Expected Performance Electromagnetic shower measurements e, 10 GeV s ~20%*sqrt(e) E1/2 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  15. c2 Concept of Pion Rejection c2 = S(Ei-Ee)2/s2i i =1,3 c2 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  16. Expected Performance Hadronic shower rejection 100 K Simulated 4.5 K Selected p+, 40 GeV/c Momentum GeV/c Multiplicity per event Momentum GeV/c 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  17. Pion Rejection Momentum GeV/c 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  18. Expected Performance Jets 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  19. Living Together … Central tracking communication lines Digitizer Boards NCC readout location on the surface of magnet pole 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  20. NCC Mechanical Concept 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  21. receiver receiver digitizer digitizer Delay/ event buffers Delay/ event buffers NCC Readout Concept (Chi) Digitize signal as early as possible Generate low level trigger sums from the reduced bit ADC output locally Generate regional triggers locally Trigger Smart DCM’s NCC L1 trigger board Global Trigger Sums 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  22. Sensors 4” High resistive wafer : 5 Kcm Thickness : 300 microns  3 % Tile side : 62.0 + 0.0 - 0.1 mm Guard ring In Silicone ~80 e-h pairs / micron  24000 e- /MiP Capacitance : ~40 pF Leakage current : 5 – 15 nA Full depletion bias : ~100 V Nominal operating bias : 200 V • One wafer is a Matrix of 4 x 4 pixels of 2.25 cm2. • Important point : manufacturing must be as simple as possible to be near of what could be the real production for full scale detector in order to : • Keep lower price (a minimum of step during processing) • Low rate of rejected processed wafer • good reliability and large robustness 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  23. Interconnect board Readout unit 256 analog lines Si Sensor Flex Cable NCC Signal packaging Concept • This is the calorimeter – all pads in the subtower are contributing to signal; • Noise budget is set by physics: better is an enemy of the good; PA board 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  24. Readout: Dynamic Range Underlying event contribution can be neglected even in the central AuAu collisions 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  25. Readout: Noise Budget 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  26. Readout: Base restoration and signal shaping • Classical CSA followed by 4-th order shaper was modelled with PSPICE; • Rise time and shaping time were optimized to achieve optimum noise performance for any given base-to-base (1% level) pulse length on the ADC input; • PYTHIA: • the probability for tower to receive a direct hit in the pp minimum bias event is ~3% • GEANT • Shower spreading results in the tower occupancy increased to 10% 40k limit Base line restoration in 300 ns 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  27. Schedule L= 6x1030cm-2s-1 8x1031cm-2s-1 P= 0.45 0.5 0.7 …………………………………………. √s= ……………………….. 200 GeV ………………….........| 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 …. pp 5+1 5+10 5+11 0 5+9 156pb-1 Inclusive hadrons Charm Physics direct photons Jets W-physics ALL(hadrons) ALL(charm) AL(W) ALL(γ) 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  28. Near Term Priorities • Ongoing R&D program is funded by UCR (R.Seto) and BNL (PHENIX Upgrade Funds) • Prototype • pad-sensors, analog cables, readout units, front-end - MSU; • strip-sensors for the g/p0 identifier – Prague. Backup solution - from earlier project in Trieste; • Readout for g/p0 identifier – SVX4 (Prague). Backup solution – same as in the calorimetric layers (MSU). • Preamplifier (decision for CDR) • New device developed at BNL; • Upgrade to CR3A developed as part of R&D program in Trieste – preferred but ….. ; • Upgrade to preamp developed as part of TESLA/CALICE program – under investigation; • New device developed in collaboration between MEPhI/MSU/BNL – proposal exists; • Just new device (dreams exist). • Mechanics of the future detector (prototype and CDR) • Work started in Dubna (A.Litvinenko). • Digital readout (CDR) • New group from Dubna (S.Bazylev) will be helping with CDR 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

  29. Summary o PHENIX has great plans for a program of new physics aimed to study nuclear effects in partonic structure functions down to a very small partonic momenta. It spans the whole range of pp (including polarized), pA and dA collisions at RHIC. o Integrated forward spectrometer upgrade is the precondition for PHENIX to stay competitive in this new field of physics. o We have technical solutions which match physics and present an excellent opportunity for new groups both in physics and instrumentation! 21st Winter Workshop on Nyclear Dynamics

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