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Battlefield Surveillance Brigade

X. Battlefield Surveillance Brigade. BfSB. The Issue. 175 km. Large DIV AO divided into large BDE AO’s. International Border. XX. BDEs focus efforts on immediate need (populated areas, LOCs ) Higher level assets cannot meet all requirements . X. X. X. X. XX. 250 km. XX.

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Battlefield Surveillance Brigade

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  1. X Battlefield Surveillance Brigade BfSB

  2. The Issue 175 km • Large DIV AO divided into large BDE AO’s International Border XX • BDEs focus efforts on immediate need (populated areas, LOCs) • Higher level assets cannot meet all requirements X X X X XX 250 km XX • Large portions of AO are not consistently monitored • Results in an opportunity for thinking adaptive enemy to exploit gaps in collection X XX International Border

  3. BfSBMISSION • The BfSBconducts intelligence, surveillance, and • reconnaissance operations to enable the commander to • precisely focus joint combat power and simultaneously • execute current operations while preparing for future • operations. • Focused on the commander’s information requirements • Designed primarily to work at the division level • Can work for a corps, JTF, sister service, or MNHQ

  4. R&S CONCEPT • BfSBconducts R&S in the DIV controlled areas (areas not assigned to a Brigade) • Answer DIV CCIR and other information requirements • Assist in developing the COP • BCT Focus • Current Operation • Maneuver Decisions • Shaping • DIV Focus • C2 and assessment • of current operation • Plan the next Fight • Higher Headquarters • Operational and Strategic Objectives • Future plans and operation • BCT provides R&S of AO • Answer BCT CCIR • Limited range of assets • Provides ISR coverage of entire JOA • Answer Higher HQ CCIR • In multiple DIV scenario provides • assistance based on Cdr priorities DIV Information Requirements

  5. Role of the BfSB • Synchronize and integrate Intelligence and R&S at the DIV level • Provides unity of command for R&S in the unassigned areas • Executes R&S at DIV level • Answers DIV information requirements • Cannot rely on Higher HQ or subordinates to answer all DIV information requirements • Conducts reconnaissance and surveillance in the unassigned areas of the DIV AO

  6. BFSB Responsibilities • Plans and executes R&S in areas as designated by the DIV CDR • Primary mission and asset manager for DIV level reconnaissance and surveillance assets • Collects information to facilitate DIV planning, decisions, operational assessment, and COP development • Collects against CCIR and other information requirements based on priorities established by DIV • Disseminates information both vertically and horizontally • Collaborates with the G2 to assess information and retasks assets based on changing requirements and priorities • Augments BCT collection capabilities (focused on CI/HUMINT) • Provides GS CI/HUMINT capabilities to the DIV

  7. BfSBAttributes • What it can do with organic assets: • Conduct signals collection (6 Prophet) • Conduct Counter Intelligence and HUMINT collection (C&E Co, 2 x CI/HUMINT Co) • Conduct aerial surveillance/reconnaissance with UAV’s (Control 2 – 4 TUAV, 2 – 4 ERMP or a combination with 5 Ground Control Stations) • Surveillance in the Div deep area (6 LRS teams) • What it cannot do without augmentation: • Conduct zone, area, route reconnaissance with ground assets • Conduct reconnaissance and surveillance of the entire Div unassigned area (depending on the situation) • What it does not do: • Conduct security missions • Conduct offensive operations

  8. Conduct Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (FM 7-15 Art 1.3) • Perform Intelligence Synchronization • Develop Information Requirements • Develop the Intelligence Synchronization Plan • Perform ISR Integration • Develop the ISR Plan • Execute / Update the ISR Plan • Conduct Tactical Reconnaissance • Conduct Zone Reconnaissance (with additional assets) • Conduct Area Reconnaissance (limited without additional assets) • Conduct Reconnaissance in Force (does not do this) • Conduct Route Reconnaissance (limited without additional assets) • Conduct Reconnaissance Patrol • Conduct Surveillance

  9. LRS HQ TA GCS I Tech Coll Multi- sensor Multi- sensor Multi- sensor HQ Battlefield Surveillance Brigade (Proposed BfSBbased on Modular Force Review Initial Draft) X 103/33/1066 (1202) II I I I II HHC MI R & S Network Spt FSC 23/20/425 (468) 33/0/277 (310) 4/1/65 (70) 5/2/185 (192) 38/10/114 (162) CMD GRP S1 UMT SJA S2 USAF CWT S3 FSC ADAM/BAE USAF TACP S4 S5 S6 BDE Surgeon I I (57) HHC HHC HQ / Net Spt Network Ext Distrib I I (126) (60) LRS Recon & Surveillance Totals: 15 X Long-range Surveillance Tms (Mobility: air, land, water) 2 X 2-man Sniper Tms 4 X Scout Plts 24 X HMMWV organic to Recon Trps (6 HMMWV per Scout Plt) Commo LRS (7 X TUAV) (15 X Teams) (69) (6 X Prophet) (5 X 6-Man Tms) MI Bn Totals: I (46) 7 X TUA 3 X Gnd Ctl Stations 6 X Prophet 1 X CI Opnl Mngmnt Tm (OMT) 11 X CI Teams 19 X HUMINT OMT 76 X HUMINT Teams (46) (24 X HMMWV) I (1X CI OMT Tm) (82) C & E (3 X CI Teams) (3 X HUMINT OMT) (12 X HUMINT Tms) BFSB Potential Augmentations I (98) CI / HUMINT (4 X CI Teams) CI / HUMINT (98) MI (8 X HUMINT OMT) (32 X HUMINT Tms) Source: Hq CAC Draft Operational and Organizational Concept (May 06)

  10. BfSBCSS Challenges • The task of maintaining and sustaining complicated ISR systems • presents its own set of unique challenges • The mix of stovepipe and open architecture systems will require a combination of Military, DA civilians, and contractor personnel for both maintenance and supply support. • BfSB ISR elements will likely operate far from their supporting CSS units. • R&S systems must have: • Organic maintenance capability to perform troubleshooting, diagnostics and minor repair to hardware and software applications. • On-board spares of including critical items typically held at unit maintenance • level. • Near-hand availability of unit maintenance support teams (MSTs) to respond quickly and as near as possible to the point of failure or damage, coupled with timely depot level repair or replacement support at forward locations. • These requirements imply the need for a more forward thrust of R&S CSS personnel into DIV and BCT AOs..

  11. HICOM ISR Intel Synch Plan ISR Plan Intel Tasks Intel Tasks R&S Operations in the DIVOffense IMINT SIGINT MASINT OSINT HUMINT CI G3 MAIN CP • Collection Focus • Enemy defense disposition (26th MECH) • Potential follow-on forces (73rd MECH, 77th MECH) • Insurgent threats • Infrastructure status, esp within occupied areas • Local leaders and perceptions • Tasks • Overall threat COP over objectives • Tracking potential reinforcing forces • I&W of WMD use, in particular MRL and TBM • Indications of Redland “Scorched Earth” withdrawal • Intelligence support to IO • Combat Assessment • Task Org • G2X Forward to TAC 1 & 2 • Focus: Enemy defense disposition • Tasks • Threat COP through PL Harris • Activity at Lusk Reservoir Dam • Interrogation Ops (Receive G2X slice) • Focus: Insurgents and S&RO • Tasks • Track insurgent activity within Greenland • Develop collection requirements for S&RO • Establish HUMINT Ops Center (receive G2X) • Intelligence support to Force Protection G2 MAIN CP DG2 TAC 1 DG2 TAC 2 • Collection Tasks by Discipline • HUMINT/CI: CFSO; Interrogation; Insurgent Organizations, Infrastructure (free and occupied Greenland) • SIGINT: Reinforcement of defending forces, WMD indicators, insurgent threats • IMINT: OBJs BEM, JOHN, DIANA, Lusk Dam, BDA • Infrastructure in occupied Greenland • DP locations and movements BfSB MI Bn • Threat COP in AO • Insurgent activity and structure in AO • Infrastructure status in AO • DP locations and movements • BDA • Reverse BOS tracking and analysis • ESaS collection • BDA (esp Fires and Avn BDEs) BCTs SBDEs

  12. DIV AO

  13. Backup Slides

  14. BfSB MI Battalion Assets MI Battalion – TUAV Company 1 x TUAV Platoon – 7 x TUAV/3 GCS Two strings, 12-16 hrs p/day – surge one string for 24 hrs, 60 km Max Range 1 x ER-MP UAV GCS Platoon – 3 x GCS (?) Used to support division ER-MP UAVs supporting the BfSB MI Battalion – Tech Collection Company 3 x Multi-Sensor Platoons – 1 x Prophet Control and 2 x Prophet systems per/platoon. Includes 1 x TROJAN SPIRIT per/platoon

  15. BfSB MI Battalion Assets MI Battalion – Collection & Exploitation Company 1 x CI OMT and 3 x CI Teams 3 x HUMINT OMTs and 12 x HUMINT Collection Teams Provides GS CI/HUMINT support to a Division. MI Battalion – 2 x CI/HUMINT Companies 2 x CI/HUMINT Platoons 4 x HUMINT OMTs with 2 x CI Teams and 16 x HUMINT Teams per/platoon Provides DS CI/HUMINT support to Brigades or GS to a Division.

  16. HQ SCT BfSBR&S BN II R&S BN 33/0/272//305 13/0/37//50 I I I HHC 6/0/31//33 LRSC 6/0/120//126 Recon Troop 4/0/42//46 Recon Troop 4/0/42//46 MED Fires Commo Tgt Int Trans Tgt Int DET DET DET FIST LRS FS FIST HHC 87 1 x LRS Cos (15 Teams) 126 2 x Cavalry Troops (4 Platoons) 92___ Total = 305 TGT Acq TGT Acq

  17. SRC: 07209L000LONG RANGE SURVELLIANCE DETACHMENT MILITARY INTELLIGENCE BN (34355A100) I LRSC 6/0/120//126 Commo Tgt Int Trans Tgt Int DET DET DET MAJOR EQUIPMENT QTY LIN TYPE 3 B84293 BOAT, LAND CRFT INFLAT 22 D40782 DIG MSG DEV GRP, OA-8990 4 T07679 HMMWV HVY 4 T61494 HMMWV CGO 2 Z09773 BASE STN, LIGHT SYS, LVRS 2 T95992 3/4T TRL 1 Z40566 LMTV TRUCK, LAPES 6 Z48177 OUT STN, VIDEO SYS, LVRS

  18. FMI 3-0.1, The Modular Force, Jan 08BfSB(1 of 8) 1-34. The BFSB primarily conducts intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR). The ARFOR commander may assign it to support a division, corps, JTF, other Service, or a multinational force. The information it collects focuses on the enemy, terrain and weather, and civil consideration aspects of the factors of METT-TC to feed the common operational picture. BFSB collection efforts focus on unassigned areas in a division’s AO. Sometimes the supported commander assigns the BFSB an AO.The BFSB receives its taskings through mission orders. The supported commander describes the operation, identifies priority intelligence requirements (PIRs), and gives the BFSB a reconnaissance objective. The BFSB commander, not the supported headquarters staff, controls all assets whose primary role is collecting information in the supported headquarters controlled areas.The BFSB commander does not control BCT ISR collection assets. Each BCT retains control of its organic collection assets and collects information in its assigned AO.

  19. FMI 3-0.1, The Modular Force, Jan 08BfSB(2 of 8) 1-35. The BFSB is organized with an organic military intelligence battalion, a reconnaissance and surveillance squadron, brigade support company, and a network support company. The military intelligence battalion provides a military intelligence collection capability that includes unmanned aircraft systems (UASs), signals intelligence, human intelligence, and counterintelligence. The reconnaissance and surveillance squadron provides ground reconnaissance and surveillance capabilities. These capabilities include mounted reconnaissance platoons and mobile long-range surveillance teams. The network support company provides the communications backbone for the BFSB. This backbone allows the BFSB to communicate throughout the supported headquarters’ AO and to conduct intelligence reach by accessing intelligence from organizations anywhere in the world. The brigade support company provides sustainment support to organic BFSB units. Based on the factors of METT-TC, commanders can tailor the BFSB for the mission and the AO. This involves providing the BFSB with additional assets before deploying, task-organizing assets to the BFSB from the supported headquarters, or providing theater-level assets to reinforce the brigade’s collection capabilities. In stability operations, for instance, the BFSB may organize with additional human intelligence units. Aviation attack reconnaissance units and extended-range UAS from the combat aviation brigade, and potentially additional ground reconnaissance units–to include specialized engineer and chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) reconnaissance element—may be OPCON to the BFSB.

  20. FMI 3-0.1, The Modular Force, Jan 08BfSB(3 of 8) 1-36. The BFSB may control significant ground and air reconnaissance capabilities; however, the BFSB rarely conducts security operations for the supported headquarters.When sufficiently augmented, a BFSB may conduct a screen.When the supported headquarters requires guard, cover, area security, and route security operations, it assigns the missions to BCTs, or in the case of the latter two operations, to a MEB.In some operations, the threat will compel the supported headquarters to maneuver combat units to fight for information and develop the situation. If so, the division will assign the mission to a BCT or a combat aviation brigade.

  21. FMI 3-0.1, The Modular Force, Jan 08BfSB(4 of 8) 1-37. The commander focuses the BFSB’s collection efforts through two means—the assignment of an AO to the BFSB and the echelon ISR plan. The ISR plan is a collaborative effort within the supported headquarters staff with the G-3 and G-2 as the leads. This plan focuses the BFSB by clearly defining the PIR and prioritizing other information requirements for collection. The BFSB commander then has greater flexibility to allocate and, when necessary, reallocate and reposition resources to answer these information requirements. In some cases, the PIR will exceed the BFSB’s organic collection capability. In such cases the supported echelon headquarters can augment the BFSB capability, assign collection to BCTs, or accept risk given the focus and priorities established by the echelon commander.

  22. FMI 3-0.1, The Modular Force, Jan 08BfSB(5 of 8) 1-38. Commanders assign AOs to their BCTs and the MEB. These brigades conduct reconnaissance and surveillance within their AOs. This allows the BFSB to focus its resources in echelon unassigned areas.When commanders assign the BFSB an AO, it oversees terrain management, movement control, fires, and airspace command and control as outlined in FM 3-90.It has limited ability to provide security unless augmented.Supported echelon’s staff and other units must understand this limitation. The BFSB rarely takes responsibility for infrastructure development or stability operations in the AO since it has limited ability to plan and conduct these operations.

  23. FMI 3-0.1, The Modular Force, Jan 08BfSB(6 of 8) 1-39. The BFSB has the capability to reinforce the collection capability of other types of brigades. Such reinforcement occurs when the BFSB augments the other brigades with counterintelligence and human intelligence teams. These teams come from the BFSB’s military intelligence battalion. The teams are attached or OPCON to individual brigades depending on the situation. The BFSB can also augment brigades with UASs, signals intelligence, mounted ground reconnaissance, or mobile surveillance teams. For instance, since the MEB has no organic reconnaissance assets, the division commander could direct the BFSB to attach a mounted troop and several long-range surveillance teams to the MEB. These teams would help conduct line of communications surveillance if the MEB has a large AO with several lines of communications to monitor.

  24. FMI 3-0.1, The Modular Force, Jan 08BfSB(7 of 8) 1-40. The BFSB staff will assess the information collected and developed by BFSB assets to ensure it satisfies tasked information requirements. The BFSB staff passes all the information to the supported headquarters for processing and dissemination.The staff also posts information to a distributed database that allows access to commanders, Soldiers, and analysts. The BFSB will collaborate with impacted BCTs to provide all relevant information directly to them. If the information is critical to a specific brigade, the staff also reports directly to that brigade. For example, a brigade’s PIR is sent to the supported headquarters as a request for information. The supported headquarters adds the brigade’s PIR to its PIR list for collection by the BFSB. Once the BFSB collects the information, it reports it directly to the requesting brigade as well as the supported headquarters that assigned the task.

  25. FMI 3-0.1, The Modular Force, Jan 08BfSB(8 of 8) 1-41. The result of BFSB collection activities will often cue other actions. As the BFSB collection effort identifies potential targets, the BFSB provides this information with the supported headquarters, and appropriate fires brigade, CAB, and BCTs. Since most intelligence analysis capability resides with the G-2 staff,the supported headquarters develops target handoff criteria in coordination with the other brigades in the division. For instance, the BFSB may locate a high-value target and pass the target to the fires brigade or the CAB to engage if the target is within an unassigned portion of the division AO. Alternatively, the BFSB passes off the target to a BCT if the target is located in the BCT’s AO.

  26. FM 3-0, Operations, Feb 08 BATTLEFIELD SURVEILLANCE BRIGADE C-29. The battlefield surveillance brigade has military intelligence, reconnaissance and surveillance, and requisite sustainment and communications capabilities. (See figure C-8.) The headquarters and headquarters company provides command and control of brigade operations. The military intelligence battalion provides unmanned aircraft systems, signals intelligence, human intelligence, and counterintelligence capabilities. The reconnaissance and surveillance battalion provides reconnaissance and surveillance capabilities, including mounted scout platoons and mobile long-range surveillance teams. The brigade support company provides sustainment for the brigade. The network company provides a communications backbone. This allows the battlefield surveillance brigade to communicate throughout the division area of operations as well as with support assets associated with Army Service component command- and national-level intelligence agencies. Battlefield surveillance brigades can be tailored for the mission before deployment or task-organized by the higher headquarters once deployed. Typical augmentation includes— • Ground reconnaissance. • Manned and unmanned Army aviation assets. • Military intelligence assets, including human intelligence, aerial exploitation, and other nationallevel • assets. • Armored, infantry, and combined arms units. C-30. The battlefield surveillance brigade conducts intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) operations. This capability lets the division commander focus combat power, execute current operations, and prepare for future operations simultaneously.Battlefield surveillance brigades are not designed to conduct guard or cover operations.Those operations may entail fighting to develop the tactical situation; they require a BCT or aviation brigade.

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