Chapter 20

1. Chapter 20 Age of Napoleon

2. Napoleon Main Ideas • Napoleon was born in Corsica • Proved himself in the French Revolution as a general • Took power by a Coup d'état, then declared himself emperor 5 years later • Napoleonic code -hereditary social distinctions abolished - feudal privileges gone - no serfdom • discovered rossetta stone in Egypt, stone to translate hieroglyphics • quadruple alliance against him: England, Austria, Prussia, Russia • Could not defeat England due to superior navy, major lost at Trafalgar due to this

3. Napoleon Main Ideas Cont. • Big mistake politically with treaty of tilsit- with Russia. Russia never intended to keep promise of no fighting. Treaty was following their loss to napoleon in the Battle of Austerlitz • Battle of Austerlitz- greatest victory for napoleon. Defeated Russia and Austria • Continental system- economic attack against British, cut off trade • 1812 napoleon invaded Russia, Russia retreats deeper in their own country and let winter beat the French. After this loss Napoloen is exiled to the isle of Elba. • Returns march 15 to start the 100 days. It ended with napoleons final loss at Waterloo • Was married to Josephine de Beauharnais but divorced her due to inability to have heir. Married Marie Louisa of Austria

4. Triumph of Romanticism

5. Romanticism • Strongest in Germany and England • Instead of reason it focused on imagination • Nature was a main characteristic and was often used for symbolism, romanticism nature poetry of often called poetry of meditation • Other main characteristics: emotion, lyric poetry, the common man, nationalism • Romantic theory was illumination of the world within • Would create paradoxes • Ex. would try to show what was psychologically real, the concept of a beautiful soul in a ugly body, from Victor Hugo’s Hunchback of Notre Dame

6. Romanticism Cont. • Major authors were Lord Byron, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth • G.W.F Hegel created thesis, antithesis, synthesis • Strum and Drang- “storm and Stress” romanticism literature in Germany • Methodism- by John Wesley, Stressed inward, heart felt religion and possibility of attaining Christian perfection in this life • Categorical Imperative- by Emmanuel Kent, internal sense of moral duty and awareness possessed by all human beings

7. Quiz • Who were the allied powers against the French in the battle of Austerlitz? • A- Austria and Russia • B- Prussia and Britain • C- Spain and Italy • D- Russia and Prussia

8. A- Austria and Russia

9. #2 • The Napoleonic code included the following EXCEPT: • A- Hereditary social distinctions abolished • B-Feudal privileges gone • C-Freedom of speech • D-No Serfdom

10. C-freedom of speech

11. #3 • Which battle was Napoleon's final defeat? • A-Trafalger • B-Waterloo • C-Austerlitz • D-Egypt

12. B-waterloo

13. #4 • Which of the following is Napoleon’s 1st wife? • A-Maria Louisa • B-Maria Antoinette • C-Queen Victoria • D- Josephine de Beauharnais

14. D- Josephine de Beauharnais

15. #5 • What event started Napoleon's 100 days? • A-his defeat at waterloo • B-After his Coup D'état • C-his escape from the isle of Elba • When he became the emperor of France

16. C-his escape from the isle of elba

17. #6 • What best describes Methodism? • A-possibility of Christian perfection in this life • B-everyone was made equal • C-predestination • D-religion by faith alone

18. A-Possibility of Christian perfection in this life

19. #7 • Thesis, antithesis, synthesis was created by? • A-emmanuelkent • B-Lord Byron • C-G.W.F Hegel • D-Samuel Taylor Coleridge

20. C-G.W.F Hegel

21. #8 • What was the main reason Napoleon could not defeat the British? • A-Britain had a better navy • B-Britain had better generals • C-Britain had a bigger army • D-Harsh seasonal conditions

22. A-Britain had a better navy

23. #9 • The following are all points of romanticism except? • A-Love of nature • B-Neo-classicism • C-power of love to solve all problems • D-nationalism

24. C-power of love to solve all problems

25. #10 • “Categorical Imperative” was by who? • A-G.W.F Hegel • B-Emmanuel Kent • C-William Shakespeare • D-Samuel Taylor Coleridge

26. B-Emmanuel Kent

27. Free response question • Describe the reign of napoleon bonapart

28. DBQ • Describe the ways romanticism differed from the enlightenment

29. Document 1 • By William Wordsworth’s “The Tables Turned” Up! up! My friend, and quit your books; Or surely you’ll grow double: Up! Up! My Friend, and clear your looks; Why all this toil and trouble? The sun, above the mountain’s head, A freshening lustre mellow Through all the long green fields has spread, His first sweet evening yellow. Books! ‘tis a dull and endless strife: Come, hear the woodland linnet, how sweet his music! on my life, There’s more of wisdom in it. And hark! How blithe the throstle sings! He, too, is no mean preacher: Come forth into the light of things, Let nature be your teacher. She has a world of ready wealth, Our minds and hearts to bliss-spontaneous wisdom breathed by health, Truth breathed by cheerfulness. One impulse from a vernal wood may teach you more of man, of moral evil and of good, than all the sages can. Sweet is the lore which nature brings; our meddling intellect misshapen the beauteous forms of things:- we murder to dissect. Enough of science and of art; close up those barren leaves; come forth, and bring with you a heart that watches and receives

30. Document 2 • Poetry has been to me its own exceeding great reward; it has given me the habit of wishing to discover the good and beautiful in all that meets and surrounds me. - Samuel Taylor Coleridge

31. Document 3

32. Document 4

33. Document 5 • 7 main points on enlightenment • Human autonomy is the means and end of enlightenment • Importance of reason • Enlightenment is universal • Progress • Secularism • The centrality of economics to politics • The ideal of popular government