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Lecture 8

Lecture 8. Oxidation of Fatty Acids. Utilization of Fat. Breakdown of triacylglycerides Activation  Coenzyme A derivative Transport into mitochondria b oxidation to 2 carbon units. (Acetyl CoA). Fatty Acid Oxidation. Activation-Acyl-CoA synthetases. Fatty Acid Entry into Mitochondria.

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Lecture 8

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  1. Lecture 8 Oxidation of Fatty Acids

  2. Utilization of Fat • Breakdown of triacylglycerides • Activation  Coenzyme A derivative • Transport into mitochondria • b oxidation to 2 carbon units (Acetyl CoA)

  3. Fatty Acid Oxidation

  4. Activation-Acyl-CoA synthetases

  5. Fatty Acid Entry into Mitochondria

  6. Entry of fatty acid into mitochondria Acyl carnitine/ carnitine transporter

  7. Steps of b oxidation For fatty acid with an even number of carbons 1) Dehydrogenation I 2) Hydration 3) Dehydrogenation II 4)Thiolytic cleavage

  8. -oxidation: Step 1-Dehydrogenation

  9. Step 2-Hydration

  10. O H + NAD -hydroxyacyl-CoA b dehydrogenase + NAD H + H -ketoacyl-CoA b Step 3-Dehydrogenation (Again) H R C C C S CoA H H O Compare with OAA Malate O H R C C C S CoA H O

  11. Step 4-Thiolytic Cleavage

  12. H C CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 steps: -oxidation b Repetitive Removal of Acetyl-CoA O C S CoA Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA

  13. 8 Acetyl-CoA + 7 FADH + 7 NADH 2 Krebs 24 NADH cycle 8 FADH 2 8 GTP = ATP 16 CO 2 31 NADH + 15 FADH + 8 GTP = 2 131 ATP 93 ATP + 30 ATP + 8 ATP = Energy Yield from -oxidation O S CoA 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

  14. C o A C o A Enoyl-CoA isomerase O C S C o A -oxidation b 5 acetyl CoA Unsaturated fatty acid O C S Palmitolyl-CoA 3 (acetyl CoA) O C S

  15. Odd numbered fatty acid chain Propionate metabolism

  16. Propionyl-CoA Carboxylase

  17. Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase

  18. Coenzyme B12: Radical

  19. Action of Coenzyme B12

  20. Ketone Body Formation: Acetoacetate

  21. Ketone Body Formation: Acetoacetate

  22. Ketone Bodies

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