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به نام او که انسان را به زیور « اندیشه » و « تفکر » آراست. An Introduction to Systematic Review Session1. Roya Kelishadi,MD Feb2014 Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Isfahan,Iran. Importance :.
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به نام او که انسان را به زیور«اندیشه» و «تفکر» آراست
An Introduction to Systematic ReviewSession1 Roya Kelishadi,MD Feb2014 Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Isfahan,Iran
Importance: Many research studies published in medical journals are too poorly done or insufficiently relevant to be clinically useful
Too much information, too little time! • There is simply too much information around for people to keep up to date. • On top of this, high quality information is often not easy to find.
Publication food chain • Anecdotal • Expert opinion • Case reports • Case-control studies • Cohort studies • Randomised controlled trials • Reviews and meta-analyses
What is a review article? • A ‘review’ is the generic term for any attempt to synthesis the results and conclusions of two or more publications on a given topic. • Some reviews are usually based on narrative or commentary and are produced by a ‘content expert’
Bias in reviews There are three possible sources of bias in reviews: • bias arising from the studies included in the review • bias arising from the studies not included in the review • bias arising from the way the review is done.
What is a Systematic Review? It comprehensively • locates • evaluates • synthesizes all the available literature on a given topic using a strict scientific design which must itself be reported in the review. The ‘systematic’ part of systematic reviews is all about minimizing bias in the way the review is conducted.
Summary: Types of reviews • Systematic reviews: Use explicit and rigorous methods to identify, critically appraise, and synthesize relevant studies • Narrative reviews: Summaries of research that lack explicit descriptions of systematic methods • Meta-analysis: quantitative review using statistical analyses • Meta-ethnography: systematic review of qualitative data
The Cochrane Collaboration www.cochrane.org Archie Cochrane “It is surely a great criticism of our profession that we have not organised a critical summary, by specialty or subspecialty, adapted periodically, of all relevant randomised controlled trials.”
Cochrane Collaboration Established in 1993 • International, non-profit, independent organisation • Promotes evidence of the effects of therapies • Production and dissemination of systematic reviews There are > 11,500 people working within The Cochrane Collaboration in over 90 countries. 50% are authors of Cochrane Reviews
Development of a review protocol Formulating review questions Searching & selecting studies Study quality assessment Extracting data from studies Data synthesis
The literature maze The literature
Before entering the maze… Formulate your question! • Pragmatic, well-focused questions • Need to know what we are asking, in order to know what studies we include in the review.
Question components : PICO • What types of Participants? • What types of Interventions? • What types of Comparison? • What types of Outcomes?
