Pillar two Non mobile (blue collar) workers, logistics functions

1. Pillar two Non mobile (blue collar) workers, logistics functions Presentation of the statistical information and employment definitions Final conference, Brussels, 3 & 4 April, 2012 AFT-IFTIM

2. Goals of the study  Collection of job titles, descriptions and nomenclatures related to blue collar logistics workers in the freight road transport sector  Statistical data and statistical nomenclatures related to blue collar logistics workers in the freight road transport sector  Training provision related to the considered jobs  Best practices identified in companies, training centres

3. Methodology Questionnaire Road freight transport companies Training centres Descriptions of jobs Placement agencies, transport companies, training bodies, social partners Definitions of logistics jobs Statistical data The training offer and financing Statistical data Statistical institutes, observatories, labour Ministries, labour agencies Reports, sector studies etc.

4. Identification of the targeted jobs according to the Novalog nomenclature Group 4 Warehousing The distinguishing feature of this group is that the jobs involve operational tasks carried out within a given amount of time, by monitoring using IT systems for constant control of the operations carried out, and by informing superiors of incidents and problems encountered. Freight transport by road

5. Countries covered Austria Belgium Bulgaria Denmark France Germany Italy Lithuania Netherlands CzechRepublic Portugal Romania Slovenia Spain Slovakia

6. Difficulties in data collection A lack of willingness from the companies to involve in the survey – no time to dedicate to surveys, no direct benefits for the company… Poland: 63 companies, UK – 15 companies contacted by e-mail and recontacted by phone; Involvement of local partners and associations Result: impossible to convince companies in these countries to participate to interviews

7. Whatstatistical information available for quantifying jobs performinglogisticsfunctions in the sector of freight transport by road?

8. The ISCO – a commontool Most of the national classifications in Europe are based on or harmonised with the international standard classification of occupations (ISCO, by the International Labour Office).

9. Targetedlogistics jobs in the ISCO Group 4. Clerical support workers 4131 Stock clerks Stock clerks maintain records of goods produced and production materials received, weighed, issued, dispatched or put into stock. Subgroup 834 Mobile plant operators Slightdifferencesbetween the two versions 88 and 08 of ISCO: ISCO 88 Lifting truck operators8334 ISCO 08 Lifting truck operators 8344 Mobile plant operators drive, tend, operate and monitor special-purpose motorised, machinery or equipment used for clearing or preparing land; digging, moving, and spreading earth, rock and similar materials; and lifting or moving heavy objects. 8344 Lifting truck operators Lifting-truck operators drive, operate and monitor lifting-truck or similar vehicle to transport, lift and stack pallets with goods. Examples of the occupations classified here: - Forklift truck driver Source:http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco08/index.htm

10. Completed by the elementary occupations of group 9 Group 9: Elementary occupations Elementary occupations involve the performance of simple and routine tasks which may require the use of hand-held tools and considerable physical effort. Most occupations in this major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level.  Related to the transport and logisticssector: 933 Transport and storage labourers Transport and storage labourers propel cycles and similar vehicles and drive animal-drawn vehicles to transport passengers or goods, drive animal-drawn machinery, handle freight and baggage and stock shelves The occupations in this minor group are declined as follows: 9331 Hand and pedal vehicle drivers 9333 Freight handlers 9334 Shelf fillers

11. Relying on ISCO onlyincludessomelimits • Information is not alwaysavailableby ISCO classificationor not detailed. • The ISCO nomenclature is far from satisfactory for identifying logistics jobs. Level 1 of the ISCO-08 classification is the mostaggregated, and therefore the least detailed. Logistics jobs targeted in the STARTS projectmaybeidentifiedwithinlevel 4. • 3. Information collected on the basis of ISCO oftenprovidesonly data on jobs atheavilyaggregatedlevels of the nomenclature. As a consequence, wide-ranging job familiescanbequantified, but itisdifficult to obtainupdated data for logistics jobs.

12. National approaches, ISCO correspondence Some countries havedevelopednational (more detailed) classification of jobs, on the basis of which statisticsare available. In France: the PCS nomenclature (list of professions and socio-professional categories) is at the centre of the system for identifying jobs, combined with broader interests than the mere production of data on jobs. PCS classification (Professions et catégoriessocioprofessionnelles) listisused by the national statistics body in coding population censuses, and in the survey on job structure. Sectors The need to analyse jobs and unemployment by job led to the creation of a specific nomenclature of jobs (the FAP) constructed on the basis of the PCS and the operational repertoire (RépertoireOpérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois- ROME) used by the national employment agency (PôleEmploi) to codify jobs to help jobseekers and employers make the right choices. NAF – French Nomenclature of activities NES – Synthesiseconomic nomenclature FAP – Nomenclature of professionalfamilies PCS - Professions and socio-professional categories ROME – Operationnal Repertoire of Professions and Jobs NAF NES36 Occupations FAP Level of qualification PCS ROME Source: OREF Île de France

13. National approaches, ISCO correspondence Germanyalsohas itsspecific national classification of occupations Klassifizierung der Berufe:KldB 2010. Not based on ISCO, but a high comparable capacity of the last (2010) version. Data on labour market - FederalEmployment Agency (BundesagenturfürArbeit). Specificmethodological approach, comparison of thesestatistical data withstatisticalemployment data fromother countries is difficultrespectively not possible. Austria:statistical data on occupation - twodifferentdefinitions: 1. according to international level comparable Labour-Force-Concept (ILO-definitions); 2. according to the national definitions set at the social security system (Hauptverband der ÖsterreichischenSozialversicherungsträger), i.e. reported data on occupations, and at the Austrian Public Employment Office (ArbeitsmarktserviceÖsterreich - AMS). Nevertheless: statistical data on blue-collarworkerworkingat the warehouserelated to the road sector – not recordedat the responsible institution for the social security system (Hauptverband der österreichischenSozialversicherungsträger)  neitheravailable to other institutions. Employment trends related to these occupations - provided by the Austrian Public Employment Office (ArbeitsmarktserviceÖsterreich - AMS) within the AMSQualifikationsbarometer. Correspondence tables between the ISCO 08 and the national classifications have been elaborated, for a bettercomparability

14. Logistics jobs definitions in the covered countries Main actorsinvolvedin logisticsjobs definitions: Statistical and standardisation bodies Public employment agencies and placement agenciesare developing increasingly comprehensive tools to help in pairing supply and demand and distribution of the definitions via Internet sites. The agencies participate in the renewal of the way logistics is considered in favour of more global approaches. The social partners: particularlyat the sectorlevel, but alsojointlywithotherplayers (incl. training bodies). The social partners' contribution in defininglogistics jobs is more present in countries of Western Europe. Training bodies, which use muchbroadercategories in considering jobs in terms of full-length training courses; The road transport companies: usuallyrely on the definitionsprovided by the employmentagencies and standardisation bodies, withsomeminoradaptations to the company’sspecificities

15. A variable number of institutions and heterogeneous aproaches in defining logistics jobs In Western countries (Belgium, France, Italy, Germany…) a variety of organizations are involved in the process of job definition and of matching the needs of the labour market to the provision of education and training. In countries with less developed collective bargaining (Romania, Lithuania, Bulgaria) the main source for job definitions is the ISCO system (Statistical institutes) and the data collected by the National Employment bodies: Labour Ministry, Employment Agencies. Previous occupational nomenclatures are harmonised with ISCO. Ex.: in Romania, the CNFPA (National Council for Training of Adults) contributes to the COR ( based on ISCO). Otherwise, job description is used for some collective bargaining. ISCO is the common classification for most of countries. France, Italy and Belgium have the widest variety of sources for job descriptions. Germany: a new classification in use since 2011, reflecting the changes within the professional occupations during the pastdecades. High comparable capacity has been generated to the International Standard Classification of Occupations 2008 (ISCO-08).

16. Germany: development and structural design for KldB 2010 Level 1: Activities of unskilled worker/helper and apprenticeship (Helfer- und Anlerntätigkeiten) (simple routineous non-complex activities. 1 year of vocational education); KldB 2010 The level of qualification needs (Anforderungsniveau) – the core principle of the design Level 2: Subject oriented activities (fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten) (2-3 years of vocational education) Level 3: Complex activities of specialists (komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten) (more complex than level 2; based on additional or periodic trainings or adequate professional experiences and/or informal vocational formation); Level 4: Highly complex activities (hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten) (very high degree of complexity. Min. of 4 years of academic education, adequate professional experiences); Federal Statistics Office Federal Employment Agency

17. The Germanexample: a statistical classification including a wide range of jobs related to the warehousefunctions • According to KldB 2010 the following job titles are recorded for warehousing, postal delivery and goods transshipments (Lagerwirtschaft, Post und Zustellung, Güterumschlag): • 513 Warehousing, postal delivery and goods transshipments (Lagerwirtschaft, Post und Zustellung, Güterumschlag) • 5131 Professions at warehousing (Berufe in der Lagerwirtschaft) • 51311 Unloader (Entlader/in) • 51311 Helper for transport (Transporthelfer/in) • 51311 Loader (Belader/in) • 51311 Helper for production (Produktionshelfer/in Verpackung) • 51311 Packer (Packer/in) • 51311 Unskilled worker at the warehouse (Lagerhilfsarbeiter/in) • 51311 Helper at the warehouse (Lagerhelfer/in) • 51312 Warehouse worker (Fachlagerist/in) • 51312 Skilled employee – warehouse logistics (Fachkraft Lagerlogistik) • 51312 Disponent/at warehouse (Disponent/in Lager) • 51312 Chief storekeeper (Magazinverwalter/in) • 52531 forklift operator (Flurtransportgerätefahrer/in)

18. Italy: an example of interaction for jobs definitions

19. Italy : Example of job description For training purpose (orientaonline) Storekeeper/ Warehouse operator (Magazziniere) This figure has a role of technical and operational support and is present in all retailers and in wholesale trade. He is responsible for managing of incoming goods through handling and storage activities. In medium and large companies can also be found the profiles of staff for goods and goods auxiliary. He can check goods inbounds and outboundsand the accuracy of transport documents ("delivery note") and/or complete them using IT tools. He can load and unload the different means of transport and store goods in the warehouse, in general with mechanical means. He must, moreover, periodically check the quality of goods stored. In company: The goods reception specialist accomplishes the following tasks: • Receipt of goods: controls the matching between goods and goods description in the bills of lading • Inputing of goods within the company system and location in the warehouse • Goods labelling • Checking the location of goods in storage area (indicated by RF palmar device) • Preparing the loading (evening), after picking • Controls the composition of loads for deliveries

20. Jobs definitionsat the sectorallevel Belgium: the “Fonds Social Transport et Logistique” (FSTL) is a security fund for companies of the sector of road transport and logistics. The board is constituted with parity of representation between employers and union organisations.The main activities are : - To  manage  some  social  benefits to the workers of the sector - The continuous vocational training of workers - The  promotion and improvement of work condition and security in this sector. The  “Institut  Transport  routier  &  LogistiqueBelgique” (ITLB): is a non profit association  created  by  both authorities and private sector. The board is constituted with parity of representation between the Ministry of Transport andMobilityandprofessional organisations of road transport in Belgium (FEBETRA,  SAV and  UPTR).  France:National collective agreement of the road transport and transport auxiliary activities (Convention Nationale des transports routiers et des activitésauxiliaires du transport) contributes to setting up and approval of definitions of specific jobs of the personnel of companies providing logistics services. Example: handler in logistics (manutentionnairelogistique), logistical agent (agent logistique)

21. Jobs definitionsat the sectorallevel Netherlands: the Dutch organisation for the valuation of functions in road freight transport and mobile cranes(FUWA wegvervoer) elaborates and publishes a handbook on transport and logistics functions and types of jobs. It describes the functions according to six aspects: • [a] knowledge and experience, • [b] self-dependence, risks, responsibilities and influence, • [c] social skills and communication skills, • [d] skills in handling equipment and tools and attentiveness, • [e] burdeningcircumstances. And distinguishes four categories of functions: [1] drivers, [2] logisticalfunctions, [3] technicalfunctions, [4] planning / commercial / supporting / accounting functions. The handbook contains an extended list of job descriptions. The group of job descriptions that describes non mobile blue collar logistics jobs is “group 10” : • orderpicker (A), logisticsoperator (B), warehouseoperator (C), reachtruck driver (C), warehouseforeman (D), inventorymanagement operator (D), clerk(E), warehouseteam leader (E), • The letters (A) - (G) refer to the scaling categories which are used to determine the salaries. (A) is the lowest category and it requires the lowest level of schooling, diplomas and skills. (H) is the highest, but it does not exist in the logistical group of functions.

22. Inputs from companies – jobs titles in use Most commonterms in the interviewedcompanies: • Handler • Orderpicker • Forklift driver, forkliftoperator • Foreman, shift leader • Warehouseman For smallercompanies (flat structures), largerdefinitionswhich designatemultitask personnel: • store worker, • warehouseemployee, • terminal employee.

23. Inputs from companies - recruitment The inputs comingfrom the companies are essential in order to providea relevant up to date nomenclature of job definitionsrelated to the logisticsfunctions and to select the relevant commonly interprofessional job definitionsavailable. The definitions of logistics jobs in the company are strongly correlatedwiththe size of the company. Biggeris the company, more hierarchicalisitsstructure and more clearlydelimitated the functions. Main recruitmentcriteria: • motivation; • previousexperience; • physical condition; • age – 40-45 years maximum • teamplayer

24. Inputs from companies - competences Most commoncompetencesvalued by the interviewedcompanies: Knowledge of the national language – written and spoken; Good physical condition, stress resistant, ability to meet deadlines; Basic knowledge of a foreignlanguage; PC user skills; Ability to handleheavyloadscorrectly, good orientation in a closedspace; Awareness of safetyrules in a warehouse; Autonomous, multi-task, responsiveness; Knowledge of the goodsstored in the warehouse; Team player, communicative Knowledge of a foreignlanguage – an advantage

25. Inputs from companies Aspects of training underlined: Health and safetyrules Gestures and postures for handlingheavyloads and operating equipment in a warehouse; Fireprevention; First aid Recent changes and trends: An increasing automation of processes, whichdecreases the number of humanerrors in the processes but requires more technologicalskills; The growing importance and use of IT; Less paper support, an increasing use of mobile devices; Growing importance of foreign languages (English).

26. A complex reality with a broadvariety of possible combinations of activities Multi-task Specialised by tasks Unskilledwarehouseworker Warehouseworker/operative Store worker Handler Orderpicker Terminal employee Terminal worker Handler-forklift driver Forklift driver Storage and Terminal employee Warehouseman-forklift driver W a r eh o u s e f u n c t i o n + supervision Team leader Foreman Area responsible Warehouseman Platform agent (agent de quai)