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Understanding Tire Fires in Vehicles: Causes, Detection, and Prevention

Learn about how tire fires in vehicles are caused by wheel bearing failure, how they spread, and the challenges in detection and suppression, with a focus on heat detection systems and fuel system integrity.

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Understanding Tire Fires in Vehicles: Causes, Detection, and Prevention

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  1. Fire Cause and Propagation

  2. Cause and Origin • Fire originated in right-side wheel well • Failed wheel bearing caused friction • Excessive heat built up in wheel and brake components • Heat ignited rubber tire

  3. Tire Fire Testing Wheel bearing failure: • Wheel component temperatures can exceed 1300° F • Heat spreads through hub and rim • Heat ignites tire

  4. Tire Fire Testing Tire fires are hard to put out: • Superheated wheel components are difficult to cool down • Access to components is limited • Hot hub and brake components reignite tire

  5. Detection and Suppression • Heat detection and suppression systems • Confine suppression agent to area of origin • Located in engine compartments and confined spaces • No systems for wheel wells and tire fires • Early detection and monitoring are critical for fire prevention

  6. How the Fire Spread • From tag axle tire to other tires • To wheel well combustibles • To fuel lines, engine compartment • Up motorcoach combustible exterior • Through sidewall materials and windows • Into motorcoach interior

  7. Fuel System Integrity • Nonfire-resistant fuel lines spill fuel if burned through • Fuel lines located near wheel well fire source • Fuel involvement accelerates fire and limits passenger evacuation time • FMVSS 301 does not apply to motorcoaches

  8. Burnthrough of Exterior • Lightweight and combustible exteriors • Flammability standards for interior materials only • Fire can spread into passenger compartment • Passengers exposed to smoke and heat • Interior exposed to heat and open flame

  9. Summary • Detection systems for early warning • Fire protection for fuel systems • Fire-hardening of exteriors

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