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Calling all cars: cell phone networks and the future of traffic

Calling all cars: cell phone networks and the future of traffic. Presentation by Scott Corey Article written by Haomiao Huang. The Future of Cars. Self-driving cars? Boosting the brainpower of the environment cars drive in Traffic monitoring has been revolutionized.

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Calling all cars: cell phone networks and the future of traffic

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  1. Calling all cars: cell phone networks and the future of traffic Presentation by Scott Corey Article written by Haomiao Huang

  2. The Future of Cars • Self-driving cars? • Boosting the brainpower of the environment cars drive in • Traffic monitoring has been revolutionized

  3. An intelligent highway • Reducing the effect of traffic jams and accidents • Traffic control schemes to react to real time data • Aid in planning for the future

  4. Sensors • Monitor traffic • Parking availability • Air pollution • Have traditionally been static sensors • Inductive Loop Detectors • Traffic Cameras • RFID tags

  5. Problems • Expensive to deploy, operate, repair • Placed only at key locations • Mobile sensors are a necessity

  6. Mobile Phones • Equipped with GPS and Internet access • Smartphones enable more widespread source of data • Worldwide, there are more cell phones in use than toothbrushes

  7. Mobile Millennium • One of the first large-scale phone-based traffic monitoring projects in the US • Run by Nokia, NAVTEQ, and UC Berkeley

  8. Gathering data, but privately • User privacy is key for user acceptance • Two main needs: • Preventing the path of a vehicle to be reconstructed • Separating the identification of the phone from the data

  9. Anonymity • Data from phones is tagged with user information • The data packet is encrypted at transmission • Proxy server cannot decrypt packet, but can strip identifying information • Sent to traffic servers after information stripped

  10. Reconstructing paths • Uses virtual trip lines instead of constant reporting • VTL spacing varies based on speed to maximize number of cars • Randomizing measurements

  11. Making sense of it all • UC Berkeley tasked to fuse all the data together • GPS from phones • GPS data from dedicated vehicles • Static sensors • Given all of the measurements being gathered and a stretch of road of interest, what is the best estimate of the number of cars on that road, and how fast they're going?

  12. Combining data with maps • GPS tracks are useless alone – need to combine with maps to know what road network you are monitoring • Measurements have to use machine-learning methods to correct for people walking with phones, parked cars

  13. The flow of traffic • Tracking thousands of cars individually is difficult and expensive • Traffic researchers treat movement of cars as liquid flowing through tubes

  14. Fluid Dynamics • Requires initial conditions and rate of cars entering/leaving roadway • Fluid dynamics model works well with fixed sensors • Cameras can determine initial conditions • Sensors attached to on and off ramps

  15. Disruptions • Drivers are not perfect • Accidents • Unnecessary slow-downs • Adding GPS dramatically increases the versatility of the fluid model • GPS incorporated as internal conditions for the flow to satisfy

  16. Mobile Century • Proof of concept test • 100 cars with mobile phones mixed into traffic • Ran for 10 hours with 150 student drivers • Despite accounting for 2-5% of cars on the highway, speed and density of cars measured at a high resolution • Accident was detected and reported in less than a minute

  17. Till all are one • Concepts and technology are now widespread • Mobile sensors used to identify potholes in roads • Connections to vehicle sensors • Mobile sensing is the future

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