The New Politics

1. The New Politics • Essential Questions: • Why was this time period considered a new era in politics? • What were the issues that led to the nullification crisis? • How did the lives of Native Americans change under the Jackson administration? • Why was Jackson against the Second Bank of the United States? • Homework: • Ch. 6 Lesson 2 A Changing Culture pg. 167 • Biography: James Fenimore Cooper

2. A New Era in Politics • ordinary citizens had become a greater political force. • Each State could determine who voted • Frequently limited to land owners • As country became more urban, more people complained • Early 1800s began to remove land ownership requirement • Happened in west first – no entrenched elite • Opponents to universal suffrage feared mob rule • Newspapers made politics more popular

3. Process of Voting • Printed ballots replaced voice voting in 1800s • Reduced errors in counting • Political Parties printed their own ballots in different colors • allowed people to see how others voted • Led to bribery and intimidation

4. Nominating the Candidates • Caucus • Party leaders gather to pick candidate • Convention • Party members select delegates to vote for candidate

5. Andrew Jackson • Self made man • Grew up from poverty • War hero • Little education • Gambled, drank, dueled • Appealed to common man

7. Jackson Inauguration 1828

9. Spoils System • Jackson believed common citizens could do government jobs • Disliked career government officials • Increased power of winning party • “To the Victors go the Spoils” • Could lead to corruption

10. Nullification Crisis • Early 1800’s South Carolina’s economy is in decline • Resident’s blame decline on government tariff’s. • Tariff of Abominations • a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States. • South Carolinians threaten to withdraw from the union.

11. Nullification Crisis • John C. Calhoun VP and native South Carolinian argues nullification. • Nullification: declare a federal law invalid. • Argument over states’ vs. federal rights • Do the states have the right to declare an act of the federal government invalid? • Tariff of 1832 cuts the tariff but still not enough for South Carolina • 1832 South Carolina state ordinance of nullification declaring the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 unconstitutional.

12. Nullification Crisis • Force Bill: • 1833, authorizes the president to use military to enforce acts of Congress. • Henry Clay saves the day • Proposes a bill that would lower the tariff gradually. • South Carolina repeal its nullification.

13. Policies Towards Native Americans • Jackson wanted all Indians moved west of Mississippi • Most Indians went peacefully • Black Hawk War • Sauk and Fox fought and lost to American army in Wisconsin and Illinois in 1832 • Seminole War • Hid in swamps and fought Americans, defeated in 1838

14. Sequoia Chief Justice Marshall Missionary, Samuel Worcester Worcester v. Georgia • Cherokees in Georgia developed western style culture • Writing, constitution, slavery, factories • Led by Sequoia • Georgia tried to take lands from Cherokees • Cherokees sued in Supreme Court and won • Decision by John Marshall

15. Trail of Tears • Jackson refused to enforce Supreme Court decision • “Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it” • Army rounded up Cherokees and forcefully removed them from Georgia to Oklahoma • 1,500 Cherokee died during trip

18. Jackson Battles the National Bank • Jackson regarded the bank as a monopoly that only benefitted the wealthy elite. • Money taken out of circulation to prevent inflation. • Decreased the amount of money available for western farmers to take out loans.

19. Jackson Battles the National Bank • Congress passes a bill to extend the bank charter 20 years • Jackson vetoed it. • Destroying the bank would lead to many financial woes for years to come. • Whig party rises in response to Jackson’s policies