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THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL

THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL. Glucose. PLANT CELL. ANIMAL CELL. Starch. Lipids. Proteins. Organic Vs Inorganic. Organic substances are any substances that contain a carbon atom in their make up. e.g. a Glucose molecule C 6 H 12 O 6. CELL COMPOSITION.

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THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL

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  1. THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL

  2. Glucose PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL Starch Lipids Proteins

  3. Organic Vs Inorganic Organic substances are any substances that contain a carbon atom in their make up. e.g. a Glucose moleculeC6H12O6

  4. CELL COMPOSITION The cells is made up of five major groups of compounds (ORGANIC) • Lipids (fats) • Proteins • Carbohydrates • Nucleic acid(INORGANIC) • Vitamins • Minerals Each type of compound plays a special role in cell health and survival

  5. Lipids Fats: If solid at room temp Oils: If liquid at room temp There are Four types of lipids • Saturated(single bonded carbon atoms, difficult to separate, can be heated to high temps e.g. cooking oils) • Unsaturated(double bonded carbon atoms, easily broken down) • Polyunsaturated(many double bonded carbon atoms, easily broken down) • PhospholipidsOneend of the fatty acid is replaced by phosphate group The phosphate head is Hydrophilic (water loving: dissolves into water) Lipid end is Hydrophobic (water hating: resists dissolving into water) major part of the cell membrane MENU

  6. LIPIDS Polyunsaturated BACK

  7. PHOSPHOLIPIDS BACK

  8. PROTEINS • 2 Main types: Transport and Structural • Proteins are made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and often Sulphur • Proteins are created from combinations of amino acids (20 types of amino acids) • The body produces most amino acids, however 8 must be included into the diet or serious protein deficiencies can occur MENU

  9. PROTEIN TYPES • TRANSPORT PROTEINS • Membrane proteins the control the movement of substances across membranes • Protein channels act as gates, opening and closing allowing movement of substances in and out BACK

  10. PROTEIN TYPES STRUCTURAL PROTEINS • Major role is to act as a connective agent • Link membranes, cytoplasm and nucleus allowing for communication • Keratin (insoluble in water): found in hairs, feathers, nails, etc • Collagen (most abundant substance in vertebrates): Humans largely held together by collagen, bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, connective tissue, skin BACK

  11. VITAMINS • Essential for metabolic processes and converting food into energy (B,C) • Some are water soluble (stored in water) therefore must be eaten everyday or they are urinated out of the body • Some stored in fatty tissues (A,D,E,K) These vitamins can accumulate and become dangerous • Inorganic See page 37 of text for clearer image MENU

  12. Minerals • Main function is to provide strength • Inorganic • Incorporated into many structures of the body including teeth, bones, blood, etc • Over 20 are required MENU

  13. Carbohydrates • Can be found in various forms parts of the cell including the Chloroplasts, Mitochondria, cytoplasm and cell wall • Functions include -Energy storage • - Strengthening of the cell- Provision of an exterior cover MENU

  14. Nucleic acid • Organic compound • Examples include RNA and DNA • Can be found in the Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosome and cytoplasm • Function is to store hereditary information and to pass instruction to other organelles MENU

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