Do Now:

1. Do Now: Watch “The girl in the Window: Dani” and then compare her case to Genie. In what ways are they similar and different? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuDTcD81vwE

2. Emotional Development Temperament (Nature)- individual differences in attention, arousal, and reactivity to new situations • Easy Babies- 40% happy, cheerful, regular eating/sleeping habits • Slow to Warm Up- 15% more moody & withdrawn • Difficult- 10% fearful & fussy, more serious emotional problems • No-Single Category- 35% variety of traits

3. Emotional Development • Up until about a year, infants do not mind strange people (maybe because everyone is strange to them). • At about a year, infants develop stranger anxiety. • Why do you think it starts at about a year? • Stranger Anxiety

4. Attachment (nurture) • The most important social construct an infant must develop is attachment (a bond with a caregiver). • Lorenz discovered that some animals form attachment through imprinting.

5. Attachment • Harry Harlow and his monkeys. • Harry showed that monkeys needed touch to form attachment. • Harry Harlow & Rhesus Monkeys Development Click the monkey to see a video of Harlow’s experiment.

6. Attachment • Critical Periods: the optimal period shortly after birth when an organism’s exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produce proper development. • Those who are deprived of touch have trouble forming attachment when they are older. Click on the monkey to see what a baby monkey does when he HAS attachment and imagine what it is like when he does not (like above).

7. Types of Attachment • Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation. • Three types of attachment: • Secure • Avoidant • Anxious/ambivalent Ainsworth Video Click picture to see clip of Ainsworth’s experiment.

8. Stage Theorists • These psychologists believe that we travel from stage to stage throughout our lifetimes.

9. Cognitive Development • It was thought that kids were just stupid versions of adults. • Then came along Jean Piaget • Kids learn differently than adults

10. Right now in your head, picture a model. Schemas • Children view the world through schemas (as do adults for the most part). • Schemas are ways we interpret the world around us. • It is basically what you picture in your head when you think of anything. These 3 probably fit into your concept (schema) of a model. But does this one?

11. If I teach my 3 year that an animal with 4 legs and a tail is a dog…. Assimilation • Incorporating new experiences into existing schemas. What schema would you assimilate this into? Or this? What would he call this?

12. Accommodation • Changing an existing schema to adopt to new information. If I tell someone from the mid-west to picture their schema of the Bronx they may talk about the ghetto areas. But if I showed them other areas of the Bronx, they would be forced to accommodate (change) their schema to incorporate their new information.

13. Stages of Cognitive Development Sensorimotor Stage • Experience the world through our senses. • Object permanence (9mo) • 0-2 Click Mom to see a baby with no object permanence.

14. Preoperational Stage • 2-7 • Have object permanence • Begin to use language to represent objects and ideas • Egocentric: cannot look at the world through anyone’s eyes but their own. • Do NOT understand concepts of conservation. Conservation video Click the boy to see kids with egocentrism.

15. Conservation • Conservation refers to the idea that a quantity remains the same despite changes in appearance and is part of logical thinking. Click the boy to see kids trying to grasp conservation.

16. Concrete Operational Stage • Can demonstrate concept of conservation. • Learn to think logically Click the penguin to see kids try to grasp concrete logic.

17. Formal Operational Stage • What would the world look like with no light? • Picture god • What way do you best learn? • Abstract reasoning • Manipulate objects in our minds without seeing them • Hypothesis testing • Trial and Error • Metacognition • Not every adult gets to this stage

18. Criticisms of Piaget • Some say he underestimates the abilities of children. • Information-Processing Model says children to not learn in stages but rather a gradual continuous growth. • Studies show that our attention span grows gradually over time.

19. Erik Erikson • A neo-Freudian • Worked with Anna Freud • Thought our personality was influenced by our experiences with others. • Stages of Psychosocial Development. • Each stage centers on a social conflict.

20. Trust v. Mistrust • Can a baby trust the world to fulfill its needs? • The trust or mistrust they develop can carry on with the child for the rest of their lives.

21. Autonomy V. Shame & Doubt • Toddlers begin to control their bodies (toilet training). • Control Temper Tantrums • Big word is “NO” • Can they learn control or will they doubt themselves?

22. Initiative V. Guilt • Word turns from “NO” to “WHY?” • Want to understand the world and ask questions. • Is there curiosity encouraged or scolded?

23. Industry v. Inferiority • School begins • We are for the first time evaluated by a formal system and our peers. • Do we feel good or bad about our accomplishments? • Can lead to us feeling bad about ourselves for the rest of our lives…inferiority complex.

24. Identity v. Role Confusion • In our teenage years we try out different roles. • Who am I? • What group do I fit in with? • If I do not find myself I may develop an identity crisis.

25. Intimacy v. Isolation • Have to balance work and relationships. • What are my priorities?

26. Generativity v. Stagnation • Is everything going as planned? • Am I happy with what I created? • Mid –life crisis!!!

27. Integrity v. Despair • Look back on life. • Was my life meaningful or do I have regret?