1 / 23

Bronze Age Civilizations Periodization based on tools

Bronze Age Civilizations Periodization based on tools. 3000B.C.E. – 1200B.C.E. Bronze Age Civilizations. Mesopotamia. Sumerians 2750 Akkadians 2340-2125 Neo-Sumerians 2100-2000 Old Babylonian Period 1900-1600 Staggered Hittite Conquest 1600-1100 Old Assyrian Period 1200-612

Download Presentation

Bronze Age Civilizations Periodization based on tools

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Bronze Age CivilizationsPeriodization based on tools 3000B.C.E. – 1200B.C.E.

  2. Bronze Age Civilizations

  3. Mesopotamia • Sumerians 2750 • Akkadians 2340-2125 • Neo-Sumerians 2100-2000 • Old Babylonian Period 1900-1600 • Staggered Hittite Conquest 1600-1100 • Old Assyrian Period 1200-612 • Neo Babylonian Period 612-539 • Persian Conquest 539 Extent of the Old Babylonian Empire Iron Age

  4. Mesopotamian Civilizations

  5. Sumerians and the rise of City-states • A language unlike any we have seen since • Urbanization • Monarchy: a priest king and his bureaucrats • bureaucrats acted as “middle management” • responsibilities included land distribution, food distribution, and record keeping • records, which kept track of distribution and trade, were the first writings in the world • Soon the writing was made simpler  from pictographic to cuneiform (“wedge-shaped”)

  6. Akkadians 2340-2125 • Semitic peoples who spoke a language related to Hebrew and Arabic • A people from Arabia who expanded into Mesopotamia • Sargon’s empire based in Akkad (which will later become Babylon) • Maintained and even adopted Sumerian religion, culture and traditions • Semitic peoples will control Mesopotamia for centuries

  7. Amorites: The Old Babylonian Empire • Capitol City: Babylon • All powerful monarch who was believed to be a god • Centralization: While the Sumerian civilization consisted of independent and autonomous city-states, the Old Babylonian state was a behemoth of dozens of cities. • Monarchy/emperor • as a result, an entirely new set of laws were invented by the Old Babylonians: laws which dealt with crimes against the state • Code of Hammurabi

  8. Hittites and the Beginning of the Iron Age • Indo-Europeans who expanded from Anatolia in 1600 BCE • Adopted customs and traditions of the Mesopotamians • First civilization to smelt iron, which gradually spread, probably along the trade routes, to other Mediterranean civilizations.

  9. Northern and Eastern Africa Egypt and Nubia

  10. Nubia

  11. Nubia 3100-350 • “Land of the Bow” • Rich in natural resources, including the Egyptian favorite: Gold • (upper) Nile River: irrigation essential in a rocky, severely hot area that lacked rainfall. • Trade was mutually beneficial for Egypt and Nubia, and continued even during times of hostility • Trade corridor to riches of sub-Saharan Africa • Back and forth: Kingdom of Kush, based in Kerma 1750 BCE • Egyptians conquer Kush in 1500 • Kush gains strength with its capital of Napata and takesof Egypt

  12. Egypt • “Gift of the Nile” • Upper Egypt (south) and Lower Egypt (north) • Infatuation with afterlife • Black Land and Red Land • Lack of urbanization, instead pharaoh and his court • Ease of living • North/South diffusion?

  13. China’s Yellow River Valley Shang and Zhou

  14. Shang Period

  15. The Shang period 1750-1027 BCE • Started using Bronze in 2000, approx. 1000 years later than the Middle East. • Earliest written records (pictograms) anywhere in China. • Warrior Aristocracy • Ancestor Worship with king as mediator • Slave labor • Early feng shui orientation of buildings to maintain the order established by the gods • Early Trade: as far away as Mesopotamia (chariot?) • Silk!

  16. Zhou Period

  17. Zhou Period 1027-221BCE • The Zhou ruler, Wu defeated the last Shang king in 1027 • Preserved the essentials of Shang culture and added new elements of ideology and technology • Est. the “Mandate of Heaven” Chief deity was “Heaven” and the king was called “Son of Heaven” • “Spring and Autumn Period” 771-481 and “Warring States Period” 480- unification of China in 221 • 600BCE iron metallurgy  first to forge steel by removing carbon during the iron-smelting process • Legalism: men are evil and need strict rules to behave in an orderly fashion.

  18. Europe Celtic Europe 1000-50 BCE

  19. Celts • Warrior Aristocracy • Disunity: not one empire, rather many separate tribes • Same, similar linguistic group • Society • Women may have been given more rights in Celtic society…but lets not get carried away • Druids • Head Cult? • Celtic Migrations • Rome conquered in 390BCE…

  20. Aegean Civilizations Minoan and Mycenaean

  21. Aegean: Minoans and Mycenaeans

  22. Minoans • the islands of the Aegean • rulers of the sea and controlled trade in the area • palaces and apartments had sewer systems, flush toilets and beautiful frescos. • very wealthy society • capitol at Knossos, was no match for the eruption of Theraand the devastation that followed

  23. Mycenaeans • Early Greeks 1600 BCE • Began to rise in strength as the Minoans were beginning to disappear • Greeks conquered the Aegean and may have attacked Troy, a city along the Hellespont, in the 13th C. BCE • Collapse into a Dark Age in approx 1100 and vanish for 300 years. But why? • Then, out of the Dark Age the Greeks establish city-states, such as Sparta, Athens and Corinth

More Related