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Two Approaches to Measuring “ Green ”. Mark Doms Chief Economist Department of Commerce Association of Public Data Users, September 19, 2010. Two Approaches: Qualitative and Quantitative. Qualitative: “Measuring the Green Economy”
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Two Approaches to Measuring “Green” Mark Doms Chief Economist Department of Commerce Association of Public Data Users, September 19, 2010
Two Approaches: Qualitative and Quantitative • Qualitative: “Measuring the Green Economy” • Quantitative: “U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Intensities Over Time: A Detailed Accounting for Industries, Government and Households”
Measuring the Green Economy From the 2007 Economic Census product list: • Compile list of green products and services • Conserve energy and other natural resources • Promote ecological conservation • Reduce energy (fossil fuels) consumption • Reduce pollution • Provide clean energy • Prevent, treat, reduce, control or measure environmental damage to air, water and soil • Provide remediation, abatement, removal, transportation, or storage of waste and contaminants also considered to reduce pollution • Calculate the total shipments and receipts for the green products and services • Compare the share of shipments and receipts to corresponding industry and employment level to estimate the number of green jobs in that industry
Measuring the Green Economy • Categorizing Green Products and Services codes • Narrow v. Broad
Results: Green Jobs • $371 to $516 billion in the private business economy (1% to 2%) • 1.8m to 2.4m jobs Distribution of Green Jobs Across Industry Sectors, 2007
Green Manufacturing • Between 2002 and 2007, the share of green shipments and green jobs in manufacturing remained fairly constant, ranging between 0.9% and 1.3%. Total manufacturing jobs fell over this period as did jobs in green manufacturing. • The value of shipments per worker in green manufacturing was about equal to the value of shipments per worker in non-green industries. • Green jobs are likely to pay about the same or a bit more than other jobs in the manufacturing sector.
Quantitative: Carbon Dioxide Intensity • Industry Detail • Energy related carbon emissions and carbon intensity by detailed industry over time • Relative to other studies: greater industry/economy coverage, industry detail, and time series • Household sector • Government sector (Federal, state and local) • Direct and indirect effects (input-output) • Shared with CBO for their tax/policy analysis • Broad Trends • Based on the industry detail • Examples
The Macro View • Energy-related CO2 emissions continue to rise. • Overall emissions intensity continues to fall. Mmt of CO2 Mmt CO2/$billion GDP, 07$
Emissions by Major Sector CO2 Levels, Mmt
Changes in Emission Intensity CO2 Intensity Change, AAG (%)
Emissions and Trade • We can estimate carbon emissions related to domestic production, imports, and exports (using some assumptions).