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Medical Therapies and Treatment Effectiveness

Learning Objectives. What types of drugs are used to treat psychological disorders?What other medical treatments are used to treat mental illness?Does psychotherapy work?Are some forms of therapy (e.g., drugs) more effective than others (e.g., talk therapy)?. Psychopharmacotherapy. A biomedical t

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Medical Therapies and Treatment Effectiveness

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    1. Medical Therapies and Treatment Effectiveness Modules 46 and 45

    2. Learning Objectives What types of drugs are used to treat psychological disorders? What other medical treatments are used to treat mental illness? Does psychotherapy work? Are some forms of therapy (e.g., drugs) more effective than others (e.g., talk therapy)?

    3. Psychopharmacotherapy A biomedical therapy that involves treatment with medication Antianxiety drugs Relieve tension and nervousness Valium and Xanax are benzodiazepines (or tranquilizers) addictive and have side effects Work immediately Buspar is slower acting & few side effects

    4. Antipsychotic drugs Primarily for schizophrenia Thorazine, Clorazil, Risperdal Reduce hyperactivity, confusion, hallucinations, and delusions Decrease activity at dopamine synapses May cause Parkinsonian symptoms or tardive dyskensia (which is incurable)

    5. Antidepressants Tricyclics (imipramine) Block serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake MAO inhibitors Disable enzymes that would metabolize and decrease activity at dopamine, seratonin, and norepinephrine synapses Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft More rapid action, fewer side effects Also work with OCD and panic disorders

    6. Other Medical Therapies Electroconvulsive therapy electricity applied to the skull under general anesthesia to produce brain seizures Good alternative for those with severe depression that does not respond to drugs loss of memory for events preceding treatment Psychosurgery Surgical destruction of parts of the brain

    7. Is therapy effective? Evaluating effectiveness Spontaneous remission = improvement without formal treatment Does treatment cause more improvement than no treatment? Does treatment cause more improvement than a placebo treatment?

    8. Is therapy effective? Therapy is more effective than no treatment or placebo Most of the improvement occurs within the first six months of therapy No difference between psychoanalytic, behavioral, cognitive, & humanistic therapy Some therapies more effective for some problems (Cog/depression; behav./phobia) Insight and drug therapies equal

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