Unit 5 : Part A

1. 21st Century College English: Book 1 Unit 5 : Part A The Language of Compromise

2. Unit 5: Part A • Pre-Reading Activities • Intensive Study • Exercises • Assignment

3. Pre-Reading Activities • Warm-up Questions • Listening

4. Pre-Reading Activities 1. What is a compromise? Skim the first paragraph of the text to find it out and then give a definition of it in your own words.

5. Pre-Reading Activities 2.What is the most difficult compromise you have ever made? First, tell your classmates what the situation was, and let them guess what you decided to do. Then, explain what you actually did, why you did so, and how you feel about it now.

6. Pre-Reading Activities First Listening: Before listening to the tape, have a quick look at the following words. settle an argument or differences of opinion by taking a middle course acceptable to all sides compromise give way yield, give in, defer 传统 tradition individual a person considered separately from the rest of the group or society they live in（个人，个体）

7. Pre-Reading Activities Second Listening: Listen to the tape again. Then, choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 1. A) each one gives up something so that the other can be happy B) people talk about their differences and decide on the best solution C) people agree to disagree D) the older person gets to decide what will be done

8. Pre-Reading Activities Second Listening: Listen to the tape again. Then, choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 2. A) Ted could get some exercise every day B) Mary could lie by the pool every day C) both A) and B) D) neither A) and nor B)

9. Pre-Reading Activities Second Listening: Listen to the tape again. Then, choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 3. A) Ted wanted a unique name and Mary wanted a traditional name. B) Ted wanted a traditional name and Mary wanted a unique name. C) Ted wanted a boy and Mary wanted a girl. D) Ted wanted a girl and Mary wanted a boy.

10. Pre-Reading Activities Second Listening: Listen to the tape again. Then, choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 4. A) They gave him both names. B) They took her mother’s advice and named him Hamlet. C) Ted named this child, and Mary will name their next child. D) They took Uncle Fred’s advice and named him Boyd.

11. Intensive Study • Difficult sentences • Key words, phrases & usages • Comprehension exercises Intensive Study

12. Intensive Study COMPROMISE (American English) [transitive] expose somebody or something to danger COMPROMISE [intransitive] to reach an agreement in which everyone involved accepts less that what they wanted at first COMPROMISE [transitive] to do something which is against your principles and which therefore seems dishonest or shameful COMPROMISE noun a solution to a problem in which two things or situations are changed slightly so that they can exist together The Language of Compromise By Leslie Dunkling 1 “Let me give you one piece of advice”, I said to Ted and Mary just before they got married a few years ago. “If you want to stay happily married, always be prepared to compromise. When you have different opinions about something, you each give way a little. You take the middle course. That is compromise.” And I’m glad to say that the young couple seemed to take that advice. This scandal could compromise his chances for reelection. drugs that can compromise the immune system The new regime was prepared to compromise on the oil dispute. As soon as you compromise your principles you are lost. His work-mates demanded that he never compromisewith the bosses. She admitted that she was unable to compromise. If moderates fail to reach a compromise, the extremists will dominate the agenda. Be prepared to make compromises. a happy compromise between the needs of family and work middle course/way etc a way of dealing with something that is between two opposite and often extreme ways I try to steer a middle course between keeping control of the project and giving responsibility to others. He will steer a middle course between pacifism and revolution. The party is seeking to find a middle way between extreme right-wing and left-wing policies.

13. Intensive Study ENERGETIC having or needing a lot of energy or determination: 2 I remember when they took their first holiday together. Ted wanted to do something energetic, because he didn’t usually get much exercise during the year. Mary’s job meant that she was on her feet most of the time. All she wanted to do was lie in the sun. Ted hated the idea of lying on a beach; Mary hated the idea of being too active. They compromised, and took their holiday in mid-summer, high in the Alps. Mary was able to lie in the sun by the hotel swimming pool, while Ted went off for long walks in the mountains with a group of hikers. In the evening they met at the hotel, both content with their day, happy to eat a leisurely meal together and dance a little afterwards. We need to be more energetic in promoting ourselves abroad. an energetic man He fought energetically against apartheid. stroll in a relaxed way for pleasure wander with no aim or direction stride in a confident or angry way march soldiers hike for long distances in the countryside or the mountains tiptoe very quietly wade through water stagger in an unsteady way because you are drunk or injured limp with difficulty because one leg is painful or injuredwalk cheerful behaving in a way that shows you are happy in a good mood happy at a particular time, and therefore friendly to other people pleased/glad happy because something good has happened delighted/thrilled/overjoyed/ecstatic very happy because something good has happened contented happy with your life optimistic/positive believing that good things will happen in the future gleeful/gloating/smug happy because something bad has happened to someone else HIKE [intransitive and transitive] to take a long walk in the mountains or countryside contents [plural] a) the things that are inside a box, bag, room etc She hiked her skirt up to climb the stairs. His dream is to hike the Appalachian Trail. The program automatically creates atable of contents. The customs official rummaged through the contents of his briefcase. We'll be content with a respectable result in tomorrow's match. content (for somebody) to do something willing to do or accept something, rather than doing more: Most of the gallery's contents were damaged in the fire. Andy was a good husband, and Nicky was clearly very content. not content with something used to emphasize that someone wants or does more than something: CONTENTED happy and satisfied because your life is good She sat quietly, content to watch him working. I felt warm, cosy and contented. He seemed quite content to let Steve do the talking. He smiled contentedly. Dr Belson had been more than content for them to dealwith any difficulties. Not content with her new car, Selina now wants a bike.

14. Intensive Study 3 They compromised over everything and they were very happy. 4 To complete their happiness, they had a baby when they had been married for three years — a son. But that, strangely, was when the problem arose. They had to name their son, of course, and each had a name in mind; not the same name, unfortunately. It seemed that a situation had arisen where compromise was impossible. Ted wanted to call their son Robert, Mary wanted to call him Lawrence. How can you compromise with names like that? No, this time one of them would have to give way, it seemed. There would have to be a winner, and a loser. That was how they saw things, at least. ARISE if a problem or difficult situation arises, it begins to happen when/if the need arises should the need arise formal when or if it is necessary if something arises from or out of a situation, event etc, it is caused or started by that situation etc: A crisis has arisen in the Foreign Office. More problems like those at the nuclear power plant are certain to arise. Can we begin by discussing matters arising from the last meeting? Several important legal questions arose in the contract negotiations. Should the need arise for extra staff, we will contact you.

15. Intensive Study 5 Mary told me all about it when I called at the hospital two days after the baby’s birth. 6 “Ted wants to call him Robert,” Mary said, “because there’s a tradition in his family. The eldest son is always Robert or Edward. His father was Robert, his grandfather Edward, his great-grandfather Robert, and so on.” 7 “That seems reasonable,” I said.

16. Intensive Study The street is named after the famous South African leader, Nelson Mandela. 8 “I don’t want my son to be named after someone in the family,” Mary said. “He’s a unique individual, and I want him to have a name that no one else in the family has had. I want to call my son Lawrence.” 9 “That seems reasonable, too,” I said. 10 “Everyone’s been giving me advice,” Mary said. Then she told me who had given her advice, and what advice she had been given, (but not in the same order). I had to guess who gave what advice. Maybe you’d like to try to do that as well? Each person's fingerprints are unique.

17. Intensive Study The women’s liberation movement, which started in the United States, combined liberal, rights-based concerns for equality between women and men with demands for a woman’s right to determine her own identity and sexuality. These two strands of ideology were represented in the seven demands of the movement, established between 1970 and 1978. These were equal pay; equal educationandequal opportunities in work; financial and legal independence; free 24-hour day care for children; free contraception and abortion on demand; a woman’s right to define her own sexuality and an end to discrimination against lesbians and freedom from violence and sexual coercion. 11 These were the people: 1) Uncle Fred, who was a painter, and liked vivid colours. 2) Aunt Sybil, who spent every spare minute in her garden. 3) Cousin John, who spent far too much of his time at horse races and simply couldn’t resist a gamble. 4) Mary’s friend, Sue, who was very active in the Women’s Liberation Movement. FAR a lot/very much very much, or to a great degree There are a far greater number of women working in television than twenty years ago. I enjoyed it far more than I expected. The new system is far better than the old one. The teacher said that her writing skills were far below average. He bought it for a price that was far beyond (=much more than) its real value. It would take me far too long to explain. That's far too much to pay.

18. Intensive Study 5) Ted’s brother David, an actor with a high opinion of himself. 6) Mary’s father, a music professor. 7) Mary’s mother, who loved Shakespeare. 8) Mary’s friend, Catherine, known to be rather snobbish.

19. Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750),  composer of the Baroque era, the most celebrated member of a large family of northern German musicians. Although he was admired by his contemporaries primarily as an outstanding harpsichordist, organist, and expert on organ building, Bach is now generally regarded as one of the greatest composers of all time and is celebrated as the creator of the Brandenburg Concertos, The Well-Tempered Clavier, the Mass in B Minor, the Toccata & Fugue in D Minor, and numerous other masterpieces of church and instrumental music. Intensive Study 12 Here, in a different order, is the advice they gave Mary: a) “Spin a coin, and decide that way.” b) “David’s rather a nice name. That would be a good compromise.” c) “Tell your husband that you had the child so you have the right to choose his name.” d) “I’ve always liked the names Johann Sebastian.” Brandenburg Concertos Well-Tempered Clavier Mass in B Minor 小步舞曲 Toccata & Fugue in D Minor

20. Intensive Study REFINED someone who is refined is polite and seems to be well-educated or to belong to a high social class - sometimes used humorously e) “Call him William. He’ll be a sweet William. What a pity you didn’t have a girl. There are such lovely names for girls — Heather, Rosemary, Lily, Fern, Daisy.” f) “He’s got blond hair. You could call him Boyd — which means yellow.” g) “Charles is rather a refined name, don’t you think? Not Robert, though, or Lawrence. Too ordinary, my dear.” h) “Hamlet would make an unusual, but attractive name.” REFINED a method or process that is refined has been improved to make it more effective a refined way of speaking Laser surgery has become much more refined over the last decade.

21. Intensive Study I'll be glad to get this misunderstanding sorted out. 13 Well, I soon sorted out who suggested what, then I gave my own advice, “Compromise!” 14 “How?” said Mary. 15 “In the same way as my parents,” I said. “My father felt that I should be named after his father, and my mother felt the same way about naming me after her father. So, I’m named after both of them.” SORT to put things in a particular order or arrange them in groups according to size, type etc: SORT something/somebody OUT to successfully deal with a problem or difficult situation: SORT something/somebody OUT to arrange or organize something that is mixed up or untidy, so that it is ready to be used: SORT something/somebody OUT to separate one type of thing from another: The eggs are sorted according to size. Let's sort all the clothes into piles. All the names on the list have been sorted into alphabetical order. She went to a psychiatrist to try tosort outherproblems. We need to sort out our camping gear before we go away. I've sorted out the papers that can be thrown away.

22. Intensive Study 16 “You mean, they were both called Samuel?” said Mary. 17 “No. One was George, the other was Albert. Samuel is the compromise. I’m named George Albert Samuel, but called Samuel.” 18 And so it was that my nephew was named Robert William Lawrence, but is called Lawrence.

23. Key words, phrases & usages compromise n. — act of settling an argument by taking a middle course acceptable to all sides e.g. 1)The strike did not end until the two sides worked out a compromise. 2) The two nations finally agreed to settle their conflict by compromise. Translate 双方能互让和解吗？ Key Can the two sides reach a compromise? More to learn

24. Key words, phrases & usages compromise v. — settle an argument or differences of opinion by taking a middle course acceptable to all sides Translate 我想去希腊，可我妻子想去西班牙，于是我们折衷了一 下，去意大利。 e.g. Mary compromised with her parents and came back a little before midnight. Key I wanted to go to Greece, and my wife wanted to go to Spain, so we compromised, and had a trip to Italy.

25. Key words, phrases & usages be prepared for — be ready for sth. (esp. sth. unpleasant) Translate 她已准备好应付一切。 e.g. 1) I’m not prepared to listen to all his nonsense. 2) The young man is prepared to face the consequences of his decision. Key She was prepared for anything to happen.

26. Key words, phrases & usages give way — yield Translate “为什么我总得让弟弟？” 小男孩向母亲嚷道。 e.g. He said he would rather quit than give way to the unreasonable demands of his boss. Key “Why do I have to give way to my brother all the time?” cried the little boy to his mother.

27. Key words, phrases & usages go off — depart Translate 他带着财宝逃之夭夭了。 e.g. 1) He went off to join a rock band at the age of 16. 2) The new maid was very nice and soon won the trust of the couple. Then one day, she went off with all the cash and jewelry she could get her hands on. Key He went off with the treasures.

28. Key words, phrases & usages be content — be satisfied, be happy e.g. 1) The artist seemed very much content with life on the remote island, spending most of his time painting the local people. 2) After a busy week, the businessman was content to relax with the family. Translate 他安于现状。 Key He is content to remain where he is now.

29. Key words, phrases & usages Butthat, strangely, was when the problemarose. refers to the fact that they had a baby — begin to exist, come into being Translate 当他继续深入这桩案子时，出现了许多问题。 e.g. A strong wind arose at night and the next morning, we woke up to find that the summer was finally gone. Key Numerous problems arose as he went further into the case.

30. Key words, phrases & usages had a name in mind — intend or want to do something Translate 他总想着赚够钱养家。 e.g. 1) The kid never told anyone what he had in mind. 2) The elderly couple have in mind a New Year’s family get-together, while their daughter has in mind a trip to Tibet with her boyfriend. Key He is always having in mind a way to earn enough money to support the family.

31. Key words, phrases & usages name after — give the same name as e.g. 1) There are streets named after Sun Yat-sen in many Chinese cities. 2) It is a Western custom to name a newborn baby after a family member. Translate 那个孩子是按他父亲的名字取的名。 Key The child was named after its father.

32. Key words, phrases & usages call at — pay a short visit to (a place) e.g. 1) He called at the headquarters of Microsoft, the computer company, while he was in Seattle. 2) A friend of mine called at my house yesterday.

33. Key words, phrases & usages with a high/good (bad/low) opinion of — think well / badly of Translate 父母一直看好他们的儿子，所以直到现在也无法相信他 就是杀人犯。 e.g. 1) The critics have a low opinion of that book, even though it’s a best-seller. 2) The boss seems to have a very good opinion of the new secretary. Key The parents had always had high opinion of their son so that they couldn’t believe he was the murder till now.

34. Key words, phrases & usages sort out — 1) organize or tidy e.g. 1) It takes at least a half hour to sort out these papers. 2) I must sort things out first and then make a decision. Translate 他正在整理外国邮票（并分成一摞一摞的）。 Key He was sorting his foreign stamps (into piles). More to learn

35. Key words, phrases & usages sort out — 2) arrange according to characteristics, etc. e.g. 1) The mother is helping the baby sort out colors. 2) My job is to sort out the eggs according to size. Translate 把小棵的植物捡出来扔掉。 Key Sort out the smaller plants and throw them away.

36. Text-related Information hiking Hiking is the sport of walking for pleasure or exercise, particularly in rural or wooded areas. It is often combined with other activities, such as fishing, hunting, or camping.

37. Text-related Information The Women’s Liberation Movement The Women’s Liberation Movement was a broad-based social movement in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s which sought to combat gender discrimination and gain rights for women equal to those granted men in the legal system, in education, in the workplace and elsewhere throughout society. Though the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) which would have given women a constitutional guarantee of such rights was never passed, the women’s More to learn

38. Text-related Information liberation was largely successful in making the treatment of women in the U. S. much more similar to that given men. The Women’s Liberation Movement has affected American English in a number of ways. For example, the title “Ms.” is now usually preferred to “Miss” or “Mrs.” and gender-specific job titles (e.g. policeman, salesman) are now usually replaced by non-gender specific ones (police officer, sales representative).

39. Text-related Information 莎士比亚 (1564-1616, 英国剧作家、诗人) William Shakespeare, English poet and playwright, is the most respected and influential figure in the history of English literature. Shakespeare’s tragedies, particularlyHamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, mark the summit of his art and are among the highlights of all world literature.

40. Text-related Information Spin a Coin People sometimes decide something by throwing a coin into the air and guessing which side of it will be facing upwards after it falls. The side of the coin which has a person’s head on it is the “heads”. The side without a person’s head on it is the “Tails”. Hence the proverb “Heads I win, tails you lose.”

41. Text-related Information Heather, Rosemary, Lily, Fern, Daisy As common nouns, heather, rosemary, lily, fern and daisy refer to five different plants.

42. Text-related Information Hamlet One of Shakespeare’s most important plays, Hamlet concerns a prince of Denmark who plans to avenge the murder of his father by his uncle, who has since married the queen and usurped the crown. The prince knows that he should kill his uncle, but finds himself unable to act. The hesitation is reflected in the famous question, “To be or not to be” which Hamlet asks himself in the play’s most well-known speech.

43. Exercises • Comprehension • Vocabulary • Listening & Discussion

44. Comprehension 《读写教程 I》:Ex. II, p. 103

45. Comprehension 1. What does the word “compromise” mean to the author? Key: “Compromise” means that when two people have different opinions about something, each gives way a little and they take a middle course. Relevant to:Para. 1

46. Comprehension 2. What kind of vacation did Mary want? Key: Mary wanted a relaxing vacation some place she could lie in the sun. Relevant to:Para. 2

47. Comprehension 3. What kind of vacation did Ted want? Why? Key:Ted wanted an active vacation some place he could get plenty of exercise because he didn’t usually get much exercise during the year. Relevant to:Para. 2

48. Comprehension 4. How did vacationing in the Alps represent a compromise on this question? Key:In the Alps, Mary could lie in the sun by the hotel swimming pool while Ted could take hikes in the mountains. Relevant to:Para. 2

49. Comprehension 5. Why did naming their child represent such a difficult issue for Ted and Mary to compromise on? Key:Ted and Mary each had strong reasons for preferring one name over the other and, the way they saw things, only one name could be chosen. Relevant to:Para. 4

50. Comprehension 6. Why did Ted want to call this son Robert? Key:Naming the eldest son “Robert” or “Edward” was a tradition in Ted’s family. Relevant to:Para. 6