Ni-Al-Mo Single Crystal Rafting Studies

1. Ni-Al-Mo Single Crystal Rafting Studies Shuwei Ma, Tresa.M.Pollock The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI MEANS Group Meeting, Columbus, OH April, 4, 2007

2. Previous Models of Rafting Elastic model Rafting direction is determined by the sign of lattice misfit, modulus mismatch and applied load direction. γ’ P type rafting Plastic-elastic model γ Take into account the contribution from plastic deformation in γ channels (continuum). Rafting direction is determined only by the sign of lattice misfit and applied load direction. N type rafting

3. External applied stress Rafting: PF binary diffusion model Initial channel filling and relaxation: PF dislocation model Dislocation configuration Misfit stress Microstructure Dislocation stress Stress due to modulus mismatch Modulus mismatch between /’ StressField Dislocation movement Microstructureevolution Accounting for Local Stress Fields with Phase Field Model Phase field modeling was applied to evaluate elastic and plastic driving force in the Ni-Al-Mo system. Michael Mills’s plot

4. Objective Provide a complete experimental data set in model Ni-Al-Mo single crystals for phase field modeling. • This information includes: • Misfit (sign and magnitude) • Plastic strain processes in g matrix • Elastic modulus • Diffusion • Rafting kinetics

5. References Many properties have already been measured in a large set of Ni-Al-Mo single crystals • M.Fahrmann, W.Hermann, E, Fahrmann, A.Boegli, T.M.Pollock. Materials Science and Engineering A260 (1999) pp.212-221. • O.Paris, M.Fahrmann, E.Fahrmann, T.M.Pollock and P.Fratzl. Acta mater. Vol.45, No.3, 1997, pp.1085-1097. • M.Fahrmann, E.Fahrmann, O.Paris, P.Fratzl, and T.M.Pollock. Superalloy 1996, pp.191-200. • M.Fahrmann, P.Fratzl, O.Paris, E.Fahrmann and W.C.Johnson. Acta Metall.Mater, Vol.43, No.3, pp.1007-1022. • M.Fahrmann, E.Fahrmann, T.M.Pollock, W.C.Johnson. Metallurgical and materials Transactions A. pp.1943-1945.

6. Experimental Methods 1. Observation of rafting and coarsening of g’ precipitate: SAXS (small angle X-ray scattering) Quantitatively image analysis on TEM and SEM ( Fourier Analysis) 2. Misfit measurement Hot stage X-ray diffraction on over-aged sample, unconstrained misfit. (210) diffraction. 3. Elastic Constant measurement Free-free beam resonance technique. 4. Diffusion data

7. Ternary Ni-Al-Mo Phase Diagram  Single Crystal Compositions Vg’60% Vg’10%

8. Coherency Stress and Precipitate Coarsening in Ni-Al-Mo Alloys  Vg’0.1

9. Coherency Stress and Precipitate Coarsening in Ni-Al-Mo Alloys 5 at% Mo 8 at% Mo 13 at% Mo • The coarsening rate decreases with increasing Mo content of alloy • A change in the rate controlling mechanism of coarsening from long range diffusion of Al to long range diffusion of Mo in this series of alloys.

10. Misfit And Rafting in Experimental Alloys

11. Misfit and Rafting in Experimental Ni-Al-Mo system R1, Positive misfit d> 0 R3, Negative misfit, d < 0 • Elastic and plastic rafting models can predict these observation. • Do rafting kinetics distinguish elastic and plastic effects?

12. Young’s Modulus

13. Elastic Stiffness of g and g’ phases in Ni-Al-Mo

14. Elastic Modulus Mismatch R3, d=-0.5% R1, d=+0.5% For Elastic model: For elastically anisotropic materials, the term Eg’-Eg has to be replaced by the differential C*, i.e, (C11-C12)g’- (C11-C12)g

15. Average Precipitate Aspect Ratio During Creep Creep condition: 980°C/130MPa. For Elastic model: R1 alloy with positive misfit has a lower rate of rafting in spite of less Mo. C*R3>C*R1. Effect of elastic modulus mismatch?

16. Role of Matrix Plasticity in the Rafting Kinetics Ni-13.3Al-8.8Mo (at%) Misfit, d=-0.5%, Vg’=0.60

17. Microstructure Evolution During Stress Annealing and Aging for Pre-strained interface • The microstructure in samples pre-strained in tension or compression rafted during subsequent aging in a direction as if the former load was still present, whereas a sample with isotropically relaxed interfaces did not show directional coarsening; • The microstructure in a sample pre-strained in tension rafted under an applied compressive stress initially in a direction opposite to what is generally observed in compression for this alloy. Kinetics and the driving force of rafting are greatly affected by the state of the g/g’ interfaces.

18. Suggestions • Channel dislocations and modulus mismatch could both affect the rafting. This may be reflected in differences in rafting kinetics. • It is necessary to combine channel dislocations and modulus mismatch to evaluate their relative contributions via phase field modeling. • Does phase field modeling have sufficient fidelity to evaluate elastic + plastic driving force in the Ni-Al-Mo system?

19. THANK YOU!

20. Microstructure Evolution During Aging (980C/4hrs) State a State c State b State d 2mm 2mm 2mm 2mm

21. Microstructure Evolution During Compression Creep (980C/130MPa) 1hrs 8hrs 1mm 1mm 1mm 1mm partially coherent, pre-strain in tension State b Initially fully coherent (State a)

22. Microstructure Evolution During Stress Annealing and Aging for Pre-strained interface 1mm 1mm 1mm 1mm Stress annealed in compression Ordinary ageing